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| PIC12C5XX 8-Pin, 8-Bit CMOS Microcontroller Devices included in this Data Sheet: PIC12C508 and PIC12C509 are 8-bit microcontrollers packaged in 8-lead packages. They are based on the Enhanced PIC16C5X family. CMOS Technology: * Low power, high speed CMOS EPROM technology * Fully static design * Wide operating voltage range: - Commercial: 2.5V to 5.5V - Industrial: 2.5V to 5.5V * Low power consumption - < 2 mA @ 5V, 4 MHz - 15 A typical @ 3V, 32 KHz - < 1 A typical standby current High-Performance RISC CPU: * Only 33 single word instructions to learn * All instructions are single cycle (1 s) except for program branches which are two-cycle * Operating speed: DC - 4 MHz clock input DC - 1 s instruction cycle Device EPROM RAM Pin Diagram PDIP, SOIC VDD GP5/OSC1/CLKIN GP4/OSC2 GP3/MCLR/VPP PIC12C508 512 x 12 25 PIC12C509 1024 x 12 41 * 12-bit wide instructions * 8-bit wide data path * Seven special function hardware registers * Two-level deep hardware stack * Direct, indirect and relative addressing modes for data and instructions * Internal 4 MHz RC oscillator with programmable calibration * In-circuit serial programming 1 2 3 4 8 7 6 5 VSS GP0 GP1 GP2/T0CKI PIC12C508 PIC12C509 Peripheral Features: * 8-bit real time clock/counter (TMR0) with 8-bit programmable prescaler * Power-On Reset (POR) * Device Reset Timer (DRT) * Watchdog Timer (WDT) with its own on-chip RC oscillator for reliable operation * Programmable code-protection * Power saving SLEEP mode * Wake-up from SLEEP on pin change * Internal pull-ups on I/O pins * Selectable oscillator options: - INTRC: Internal 4 MHz RC oscillator - EXTRC: External low-cost RC oscillator - XT: Standard crystal/resonator - LP: Power saving, low frequency crystal * Internal pull-up on MCLR pin (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. Advance Information This document was created with FrameMaker 4 0 4 DS40139A-page 1 PIC12C5XX TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 General Description ..........................................................................................................................................3 2.0 PIC12C5XX Device Varieties............................................................................................................................5 3.0 Architectural Overview ......................................................................................................................................7 4.0 Memory Organization......................................................................................................................................11 5.0 I/O Port............................................................................................................................................................19 6.0 Timer0 Module and TMR0 Register................................................................................................................21 7.0 Special Features of the CPU ..........................................................................................................................25 8.0 Instruction Set Summary.................................................................................................................................37 9.0 Development Support .....................................................................................................................................49 10.0 Electrical Characteristics - PIC12C5XX ..........................................................................................................53 11.0 Packaging Information ....................................................................................................................................65 Appendix A:PIC16/17 Microcontrollers..........................................................................................................................69 Index..............................................................................................................................................................................79 PIC12C5XX Product Identification System ...................................................................................................................83 To Our Valued Customers We constantly strive to improve the quality of all our products and documentation. We have spent an exceptional amount of time to ensure that these documents are correct. However, we realize that we may have missed a few things. If you find any information that is missing or appears in error, please use the reader response form in the back of this data sheet to inform us. We appreciate your assistance in making this a better document. DS40139A-page 2 Advance Information (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC12C5XX 1.0 GENERAL DESCRIPTION 1.1 Applications The PIC12C5XX from Microchip Technology is a family of low-cost, high performance, 8-bit, fully static, EPROM/ROM-based CMOS microcontrollers. It employs a RISC architecture with only 33 single word/ single cycle instructions. All instructions are single cycle (1 s) except for program branches which take two cycles. The PIC12C5XX delivers performance an order of magnitude higher than its competitors in the same price category. The 12-bit wide instructions are highly symmetrical resulting in 2:1 code compression over other 8-bit microcontrollers in its class. The easy to use and easy to remember instruction set reduces development time significantly. The PIC12C5XX products are equipped with special features that reduce system cost and power requirements. The Power-On Reset (POR) and Device Reset Timer (DRT) eliminate the need for external reset circuitry. There are four oscillator configurations to choose from, including INTRC internal oscillator mode and the power-saving LP (Low Power) oscillator. Power saving SLEEP mode, Watchdog Timer and code protection features improve system cost, power and reliability. The PIC12C5XX are available in the cost-effective One-Time-Programmable (OTP) versions which are suitable for production in any volume. The customer can take full advantage of Microchip's price leadership in OTP microcontrollers while benefiting from the OTP's flexibility. The PIC12C5XX products are supported by a full-featured macro assembler, a software simulator, an in-circuit emulator, a `C' compiler, fuzzy logic support tools, a low-cost development programmer, and a full featured programmer. All the tools are supported on IBM(R) PC and compatible machines. The PIC12C5XX series fits perfectly in applications ranging from personal care appliances and security systems to low-power remote transmitters/receivers. The EPROM technology makes customizing application programs (transmitter codes, appliance settings, receiver frequencies, etc.) extremely fast and convenient. The small footprint packages, for through hole or surface mounting, make this microcontroller series perfect for applications with space limitations. Low-cost, low-power, high performance, ease of use and I/O flexibility make the PIC12C5XX series very versatile even in areas where no microcontroller use has been considered before (e.g., timer functions, replacement of "glue" logic and PLD's in larger systems, coprocessor applications). (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. Advance Information DS40139A-page 3 TABLE 1-1: DS40139A-page 4 Clock n (M ) Hz PIC12C5XX Memory or y Peripherals ch a e ng Features PIC12C5XX FAMILY OF DEVICES g in m m ) O ns ) ra ts og of EP tio es ol og Pr yt cy ) uc LE (V Pr n r l (b S (s ps st ue y ge le ria m In l-u eq or an du ul s s Se fro Fr of m o R t in e lP r ge M M e ui up ins um M tP O na be ka m P eer ag irc a r i c t R lt m pu m te ak I/O ax -C Pa In Da Ti EP Vo M In In Nu W pe ra tio m ra M em on pi n Advance Information 4 4 512 1024 25 41 TMR0 TMR0 Yes Yes 5 5 1 1 Yes Yes 2.5-5.5 2.5-5.5 Yes Yes 33 33 PIC12C508 PIC12C509 8-pin PDIP, 8-pin SOIC 8-pin PDIP, 8-pin SOIC All PIC12C5XX devices have Power-on Reset, selectable Watchdog Timer, selectable code protect and high I/O current capability. All PIC12C5XX devices use serial programming with data pin GP0 and clock pin GP1. (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC12C5XX 2.0 PIC12C5XX DEVICE VARIETIES 2.1 A variety of packaging options are available. Depending on application and production requirements, the proper device option can be selected using the information in this section. When placing orders, please use the PIC12C5XX Product Identification System at the back of this data sheet to specify the correct part number. One-Time-Programmable (OTP) Devices The availability of OTP devices is especially useful for customers expecting frequent code changes and updates. The OTP devices, packaged in plastic packages, permit the user to program them once. In addition to the program memory, the configuration bits must be programmed. (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. Advance Information DS40139A-page 5 PIC12C5XX NOTES: DS40139A-page 6 Advance Information (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC12C5XX 3.0 ARCHITECTURAL OVERVIEW The high performance of the PIC12C5XX family can be attributed to a number of architectural features commonly found in RISC microprocessors. To begin with, the PIC12C5XX uses a Harvard architecture in which program and data are accessed on separate buses. This improves bandwidth over traditional von Neumann architecture where program and data are fetched on the same bus. Separating program and data memory further allows instructions to be sized differently than the 8-bit wide data word. Instruction opcodes are 12-bits wide making it possible to have all single word instructions. A 12-bit wide program memory access bus fetches a 12-bit instruction in a single cycle. A two-stage pipeline overlaps fetch and execution of instructions. Consequently, all instructions (33) execute in a single cycle (1s @ 4MHz) except for program branches. The PIC12C508 address 512 x 12 of program memory, the PIC12C509 addresses 1K x 12 of program memory. All program memory is internal. The PIC12C5XX can directly or indirectly address its register files and data memory. All special function registers including the program counter are mapped in the data memory. The PIC12C5XX has a highly orthogonal (symmetrical) instruction set that makes it possible to carry out any operation on any register using any addressing mode. This symmetrical nature and lack of `special optimal situations' make programming with the PIC12C5XX simple yet efficient. In addition, the learning curve is reduced significantly. The PIC12C5XX device contains an 8-bit ALU and working register. The ALU is a general purpose arithmetic unit. It performs arithmetic and Boolean functions between data in the working register and any register file. The ALU is 8-bits wide and capable of addition, subtraction, shift and logical operations. Unless otherwise mentioned, arithmetic operations are two's complement in nature. In two-operand instructions, typically one operand is the W (working) register. The other operand is either a file register or an immediate constant. In single operand instructions, the operand is either the W register or a file register. The W register is an 8-bit working register used for ALU operations. It is not an addressable register. Depending on the instruction executed, the ALU may affect the values of the Carry (C), Digit Carry (DC), and Zero (Z) bits in the STATUS register. The C and DC bits operate as a borrow and digit borrow out bit, respectively, in subtraction. See the SUBWF and ADDWF instructions for examples. A simplified block diagram is shown in Figure 3-1, with the corresponding device pins described in Table 3-1. (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. Advance Information DS40139A-page 7 PIC12C5XX FIGURE 3-1: PIC12C5XX BLOCK DIAGRAM 12 EPROM 512 x 12 or 1024 x 12 Program Memory Program Bus Program Counter 8 GPIO GP0 GP1 GP2/T0CKI GP3/MCLR/Vpp GP4/OSC2 GP5/OSC1/CLKIN Data Bus STACK1 STACK2 RAM 25 x 8 or 41 x 8 File Registers RAM Addr (1) 9 12 Instruction reg Direct Addr 5 Addr MUX 5-7 Indirect Addr FSR reg STATUS reg 8 3 Device Reset Timer Instruction Decode & Control Timing Generation Power-on Reset Watchdog Timer ALU 8 W reg MUX OSC1/CLKIN OSC2 On-Chip OSC MCLR VDD, VSS Timer0 DS40139A-page 8 Advance Information (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC12C5XX TABLE 3-1: Name GP0 PIC12C5XX PINOUT DESCRIPTION DIP Pin # 7 SOIC Pin # 7 I/O/P Type I/O Buffer Type Description TTL/ST Bi-directional I/O port/ serial programming clock. Can be software programmed for internal weak pull-up and wake-up from SLEEP on pin change. This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when used in serial programming mode. TTL/ST Bi-directional I/O port/ serial programming data. Can be software programmed for internal weak pull-up and wake-up from SLEEP on pin change. This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when used in serial programming mode. ST TTL Bi-directional I/O port. Can be configured as T0CKI. Input port/master clear (reset) input/programming voltage input. When configured as MCLR, this pin is an active low reset to the device. Voltage on MCLR/VPP must not exceed VDD during normal device operation. Can be software programmed for internal weak pull-up and wake-up from SLEEP on pin change. Weak pullup always on if configured as MCLR Bi-directional I/O port/oscillator crystal output. Connections to crystal or resonator in crystal oscillator mode (XT and LP modes only, GPIO in other modes). GP1 6 6 I/O GP2/T0CKI GP3/MCLR/VPP 5 4 5 4 I/O I GP4/OSC2 3 3 I/O TTL GP5/OSC1/CLKIN 2 2 I/O TTL/ST Bidirectional IO port oscillator crystal input/external clock source input (GPIO in Internal RC mode only, OSC1 in all other oscillator modes). -- -- Positive supply for logic and I/O pins Ground reference for logic and I/O pins VDD VSS 1 8 1 8 P P Legend: I = input, O = output, I/O = input/output, P = power, -- = not used, TTL = TTL input, ST = Schmitt Trigger input (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. Advance Information DS40139A-page 9 PIC12C5XX 3.1 Clocking Scheme/Instruction Cycle 3.2 Instruction Flow/Pipelining The clock input (OSC1/CLKIN pin) is internally divided by four to generate four non-overlapping quadrature clocks namely Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4. Internally, the program counter is incremented every Q1, and the instruction is fetched from program memory and latched into instruction register in Q4. It is decoded and executed during the following Q1 through Q4. The clocks and instruction execution flow is shown in Figure 3-2 and Example 3-1. An Instruction Cycle consists of four Q cycles (Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4). The instruction fetch and execute are pipelined such that fetch takes one instruction cycle while decode and execute takes another instruction cycle. However, due to the pipelining, each instruction effectively executes in one cycle. If an instruction causes the program counter to change (e.g., GOTO) then two cycles are required to complete the instruction (Example 3-1). A fetch cycle begins with the program counter (PC) incrementing in Q1. In the execution cycle, the fetched instruction is latched into the Instruction Register (IR) in cycle Q1. This instruction is then decoded and executed during the Q2, Q3, and Q4 cycles. Data memory is read during Q2 (operand read) and written during Q4 (destination write). FIGURE 3-2: CLOCK/INSTRUCTION CYCLE Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 OSC1 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 PC OSC2 (RC mode) PC PC+1 PC+2 Internal phase clock Fetch INST (PC) Execute INST (PC-1) Fetch INST (PC+1) Execute INST (PC) Fetch INST (PC+2) Execute INST (PC+1) EXAMPLE 3-1: 1. MOVLW 03H 2. MOVWF GPIO 3. CALL 4. BSF SUB_1 INSTRUCTION PIPELINE FLOW Fetch 1 Execute 1 Fetch 2 Execute 2 Fetch 3 Execute 3 Fetch 4 Flush Fetch SUB_1 Execute SUB_1 GPIO, BIT1 All instructions are single cycle, except for any program branches. These take two cycles since the fetch instruction is "flushed" from the pipeline while the new instruction is being fetched and then executed. DS40139A-page 10 Advance Information (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC12C5XX 4.0 MEMORY ORGANIZATION FIGURE 4-1: PIC12C5XX memory is organized into program memory and data memory. For devices with more than 512 bytes of program memory, a paging scheme is used. Program memory pages are accessed using one STATUS register bit. For the PIC12C509 with a data memory register file of more than 32 registers, a banking scheme is used. Data memory banks are accessed using the File Select Register (FSR). PROGRAM MEMORY MAP AND STACK FOR THE PIC12C5XX PC<11:0> 12 Stack Level 1 Stack Level 2 CALL, RETLW 4.1 Program Memory Organization Reset Vector (note 1) 0000h The PIC12C508 and PIC12C509 each have a 12-bit Program Counter (PC) capable of addressing a 2K x 12 program memory space. Only the first 512 x 12 (0000h-01FFh) for the PIC12C508 and 1K x 12 (0000h-03FFh) for the PIC12C509 are physically implemented. Refer to Figure 4-1. Accessing a location above these boundaries will cause a wrap-around within the first 512 x 12 space (PIC12C508) or 1K x 12 space (PIC12C509). The reset vector is at 0000h. Location 01FFh (PIC12C508) or location 03FFh (PIC12C509) contains the internal clock oscillator calibration value. This value should never be overwritten. User Memory Space On-chip Program Memory 512 Word (PIC12C508) 01FFh 0200h On-chip Program Memory 1024 Word (PIC12C509) 03FFh 0400h 7FFh Note 1: Address 0000h becomes the effective reset vector. Location 01FFh (PIC12C508) or location 03FFh (PIC12C509) contains the MOVLW XX clock calibration value. (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. Advance Information DS40139A-page 11 PIC12C5XX 4.2 Data Memory Organization FIGURE 4-2: Data memory is composed of registers, or bytes of RAM. Therefore, data memory for a device is specified by its register file. The register file is divided into two functional groups: special function registers and general purpose registers. The special function registers include the TMR0 register, the Program Counter (PC), the Status Register, the I/O registers (ports), and the File Select Register (FSR). In addition, special purpose registers are used to control the I/O port configuration and prescaler options. The general purpose registers are used for data and control information under command of the instructions. For the PIC12C508, the register file is composed of 7 special function registers and 25 general purpose registers (Figure 4-2). For the PIC12C509, the register file is composed of 7 special function registers, 25 general purpose registers, and 16 general purpose registers that may be addressed using a banking scheme (Figure 4-3). 4.2.1 GENERAL PURPOSE REGISTER FILE Note 1: PIC12C508 REGISTER FILE MAP File Address 00h 01h 02h 03h 04h 05h 06h 07h INDF(1) TMR0 PCL STATUS FSR OSCCAL GPIO General Purpose Registers 1Fh Not a physical register. See Section 4.7 The general purpose register file is accessed either directly or indirectly through the file select register FSR (Section 4.7). FIGURE 4-3: PIC12C509 REGISTER FILE MAP FSR<6:5> File Address 00h 01h 02h 03h 04h 05h 06h 07h General Purpose Registers 0Fh 10h General Purpose Registers 1Fh Bank 0 Note 1: 00 INDF(1) TMR0 PCL STATUS FSR OSCCAL GPIO 20h 01 Addresses map back to addresses in Bank 0. 2Fh 30h General Purpose Registers 3Fh Bank 1 Not a physical register. See Section 4.7 DS40139A-page 12 Advance Information (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC12C5XX 4.2.2 SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTERS The Special Function Registers are registers used by the CPU and peripheral functions to control the operation of the device (Table 4-1). The special registers can be classified into two sets. The special function registers associated with the "core" functions are described in this section. Those related to the operation of the peripheral features are described in the section for each peripheral feature. TABLE 4-1: SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTER SUMMARY Value on Power-On Reset --11 1111 1111 1111 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx 1111 1111 TO PD Z DC C 0001 1xxx 111x xxxx 110x xxxx 1xxx xxxx -- GP2 -- GP1 -- GP0 0111 -----xx xxxx Value on MCLR and WDT Reset --11 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu 1111 1111 000q quuu 111u uuuu 11uu uuuu 1uuu uuuu uuuu -----uu uuuu Value on Wake-up on Pin Change --11 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu 1111 1111 100q quuu 111u uuuu 11uu uuuu 1uuu uuuu uuuu -----uu uuuu Address N/A N/A 00h 01h 02h(1) 03h 04h 04h 04h 05h 06h Name TRIS OPTION INDF TMR0 PCL STATUS FSR (12C508) FSR (12C509) FSR OSCCAL GPIO Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 I/O control registers Contains control bits to configure Timer0, Timer0/WDT prescaler, interrupt on change, and weak pull-ups Uses contents of FSR to address data memory (not a physical register) 8-bit real-time clock/counter Low order 8 bits of PC GPWUF -- PA0 Indirect data memory address pointer Indirect data memory address pointer Indirect data memory address pointer CAL7 -- CAL6 -- CAL5 GP5 CAL4 GP4 -- GP3 Legend: Shaded boxes = unimplemented or unused, -- = unimplemented, read as '0' (if applicable) x = unknown, u = unchanged, q = see the tables in Section 7.7 for possible values. Note 1: The upper byte of the Program Counter is not directly accessible. See Section 4.5 for an explanation of how to access these bits. (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. Advance Information DS40139A-page 13 PIC12C5XX 4.3 STATUS Register This register contains the arithmetic status of the ALU, the RESET status, and the page preselect bit for program memories larger than 512 words. The STATUS register can be the destination for any instruction, as with any other register. If the STATUS register is the destination for an instruction that affects the Z, DC or C bits, then the write to these three bits is disabled. These bits are set or cleared according to the device logic. Furthermore, the TO and PD bits are not writable. Therefore, the result of an instruction with the STATUS register as destination may be different than intended. For example, CLRF STATUS will clear the upper three bits and set the Z bit. This leaves the STATUS register as 000u u1uu (where u = unchanged). It is recommended, therefore, that only BCF, BSF and MOVWF instructions be used to alter the STATUS register because these instructions do not affect the Z, DC or C bits from the STATUS register. For other instructions, which do affect STATUS bits, see Table 82, Instruction Set Summary. FIGURE 4-4: R/W-0 GPWUF bit7 bit 7: STATUS REGISTER (ADDRESS:03h) R/W-0 PA0 5 R-1 TO 4 R-1 PD 3 R/W-x Z 2 R/W-x DC 1 R/W-x C bit0 R/W-0 -- 6 R = Readable bit W = Writable bit - n = Value at POR reset GPWUF: GPIO reset bit 1 = Reset from wake-up from SLEEP on pin change 0 = After power up or other reset Unimplemented PA0: Program page preselect bits 1 = Page 1 (200h - 3FFh) - PIC12C509 0 = Page 0 (000h - 1FFh) - PIC12C508 and PIC12C509 Each page is 512 bytes. Using the PA0 bit as a general purpose read/write bit in devices which do not use it for program page preselect is not recommended since this may affect upward compatibility with future products. TO: Time-out bit 1 = After power-up, CLRWDT instruction, or SLEEP instruction 0 = A WDT time-out occurred PD: Power-down bit 1 = After power-up or by the CLRWDT instruction 0 = By execution of the SLEEP instruction Z: Zero bit 1 = The result of an arithmetic or logic operation is zero 0 = The result of an arithmetic or logic operation is not zero DC: Digit carry/borrow bit (for ADDWF and SUBWF instructions) ADDWF 1 = A carry from the 4th low order bit of the result occurred 0 = A carry from the 4th low order bit of the result did not occur SUBWF 1 = A borrow from the 4th low order bit of the result did not occur 0 = A borrow from the 4th low order bit of the result occurred C: Carry/borrow bit (for ADDWF, SUBWF and RRF, RLF instructions) ADDWF SUBWF 1 = A carry occurred 1 = A borrow did not occur 0 = A carry did not occur 0 = A borrow occurred RRF or RLF Load bit with LSB or MSB, respectively bit 6: bit 5: bit 4: bit 3: bit 2: bit 1: bit 0: DS40139A-page 14 Advance Information (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC12C5XX 4.4 OPTION Register Note that TRIS overrides OPTION control if GPPU is enabled and GPWU is disabled. Note: If TRIS bit is set to `0', the wake-up on change and pull-up functions are disabled for that pin. If the TOCS bit is set to `1', GP2 is forced to be an input even if TRIS GP2 = `0' The OPTION register is a 8-bit wide, write-only register which contains various control bits to configure the Timer0/WDT prescaler and Timer0. By executing the OPTION instruction, the contents of the W register will be transferred to the OPTION register. A RESET sets the OPTION<7:0> bits. Note: FIGURE 4-5: W-1 GPWU bit7 OPTION REGISTER W-1 T0CS 5 W-1 T0SE 4 W-1 PSA 3 W-1 PS2 2 W-1 PS1 1 W-1 PS0 bit0 W-1 GPPU 6 W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit - n = Value at POR reset Reference Table 4-1 for other resets. bit 7: GPWU: Enable wake-up on pin change (GP0, GP1, GP3) 1 = Disabled 0 = Enabled GPPU: Enable weak pull-ups (GP0, GP1, GP3) 1 = Disabled 0 = Enabled T0CS: Timer0 clock source select bit 1 = Transition on T0CKI pin 0 = Transition on internal instruction cycle clock, Fosc/4 T0SE: Timer0 source edge select bit 1 = Increment on high to low transition on the T0CKI pin 0 = Increment on low to high transition on the T0CKI pin PSA: Prescaler assignment bit 1 = Prescaler assigned to the WDT 0 = Prescaler assigned to Timer0 PS2:PS0: Prescaler rate select bits Bit Value 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 Timer0 Rate 1:2 1:4 1:8 1 : 16 1 : 32 1 : 64 1 : 128 1 : 256 WDT Rate 1:1 1:2 1:4 1:8 1 : 16 1 : 32 1 : 64 1 : 128 bit 6: bit 5: bit 4: bit 3: bit 2-0: (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. Advance Information DS40139A-page 15 PIC12C5XX 4.5 Program Counter 4.5.1 EFFECTS OF RESET As a program instruction is executed, the Program Counter (PC) will contain the address of the next program instruction to be executed. The PC value is increased by one every instruction cycle, unless an instruction changes the PC. For a GOTO instruction, bits 8:0 of the PC are provided by the GOTO instruction word. The PC Latch (PCL) is mapped to PC<7:0>. Bit 5 of the STATUS register provides page information to bit 9 of the PC (Figure 46). For a CALL instruction, or any instruction where the PCL is the destination, bits 7:0 of the PC again are provided by the instruction word. However, PC<8> does not come from the instruction word, but is always cleared (Figure 4-6). Instructions where the PCL is the destination, or Modify PCL instructions, include MOVWF PC, ADDWF PC, and BSF PC,5. Note: Because PC<8> is cleared in the CALL instruction, or any Modify PCL instruction, all subroutine calls or computed jumps are limited to the first 256 locations of any program memory page (512 words long). The Program Counter is set upon a RESET, which means that the PC addresses the last location in the last page i.e., the oscillator calibration instruction. After executing MOVLW XX, the PC will roll over to location 00h, and begin executing user code. The STATUS register page preselect bits are cleared upon a RESET, which means that page 0 is preselected. Therefore, upon a RESET, a GOTO instruction will automatically cause the program to jump to page 0 until the value of the page bits is altered. 4.6 Stack PIC12C5XX devices have a 12-bit wide hardware push/pop stack. A CALL instruction will push the current value of stack 1 into stack 2 and then push the current program counter value, incremented by one, into stack level 1. If more than two sequential CALL's are executed, only the most recent two return addresses are stored. A RETLW instruction will pop the contents of stack level 1 into the program counter and then copy stack level 2 contents into level 1. If more than two sequential RETLW's are executed, the stack will be filled with the address previously stored in level 2. Note that the W register will be loaded with the literal value specified in the instruction. This is particularly useful for the implementation of data look-up tables within the program memory. FIGURE 4-6: LOADING OF PC BRANCH INSTRUCTIONS PIC12C508/C509 GOTO Instruction 11 10 PC 9 87 PCL 0 Instruction Word PA0 7 0 STATUS CALL or Modify PCL Instruction 11 10 PC 9 87 PCL 0 Instruction Word Reset to `0' PA0 7 0 STATUS DS40139A-page 16 Advanced Information (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC12C5XX 4.7 Indirect Data Addressing; INDF and FSR Registers EXAMPLE 4-2: HOW TO CLEAR RAM USING INDIRECT ADDRESSING 0x10 FSR INDF FSR,F FSR,4 NEXT ;initialize pointer ; to RAM ;clear INDF register ;inc pointer ;all done? ;NO, clear next ;YES, continue The INDF register is not a physical register. Addressing INDF actually addresses the register whose address is contained in the FSR register (FSR is a pointer). This is indirect addressing. NEXT EXAMPLE 4-1: * * * * INDIRECT ADDRESSING movlw movwf clrf incf btfsc goto : Register file 07 contains the value 10h Register file 08 contains the value 0Ah Load the value 07 into the FSR register A read of the INDF register will return the value of 10h * Increment the value of the FSR register by one (FSR = 08) * A read of the INDR register now will return the value of 0Ah. Reading INDF itself indirectly (FSR = 0) will produce 00h. Writing to the INDF register indirectly results in a no-operation (although STATUS bits may be affected). A simple program to clear RAM locations 10h-1Fh using indirect addressing is shown in Example 4-2. CONTINUE The FSR is a 5-bit wide register. It is used in conjunction with the INDF register to indirectly address the data memory area. The FSR<4:0> bits are used to select data memory addresses 00h to 1Fh. PIC12C508: Does not use banking. FSR<6:5> are unimplemented and read as '1's. PIC12C509: Uses FSR<5>. Selects between bank 0 and bank 1. FSR<6> is unimplemented, read as '1' . FIGURE 4-7: DIRECT/INDIRECT ADDRESSING Direct Addressing (FSR) 65 4 (opcode) 0 6 Indirect Addressing 5 4 (FSR) 0 bank select location select 00 00h Addresses map back to addresses in Bank 0. Data Memory(1) 0Fh 10h 01 bank location select 1Fh Bank 0 3Fh Bank 1(2) Note 1: For register map detail see Section 4.2. Note 2: PIC12C509 only (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. Advance Information DS40139A-page 17 PIC12C5XX NOTES: DS40139A-page 18 Advance Information (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC12C5XX 5.0 I/O PORT 5.3 I/O Interfacing As with any other register, the I/O register can be written and read under program control. However, read instructions (e.g., MOVF GPIO,W) always read the I/O pins independent of the pin's input/output modes. On RESET, all I/O ports are defined as input (inputs are at hi-impedance) since the I/O control registers are all set. GP0 and GP1 can be programmed in software with weak pull-ups. The equivalent circuit for an I/O port pin is shown in Figure 5-1. All port pins, except GP3 which is input only, may be used for both input and output operations. For input operations these ports are nonlatching. Any input must be present until read by an input instruction (e.g., MOVF GPIO,W). The outputs are latched and remain unchanged until the output latch is rewritten. To use a port pin as output, the corresponding direction control bit in TRIS must be cleared (= 0). For use as an input, the corresponding TRIS bit must be set. Any I/O pin (except GP3) can be programmed individually as input or output. 5.1 GPIO GPIO is an 8-bit I/O register. Only the low order 6 bits are used (GP5:GP0). Bits 7 and 6 are unimplemented and read as '0's. Please note that GP3 is an input only pin. The configuration word can set several I/O's to alternate functions. When acting as alternate functions the pins will read as `0' during port read. Pins GP0, GP1, and GP3 can be configured with weak pull-ups and also with wake-up on change. The wake-up on change and weak pull-up functions are not pin selectable. If pin 4 is configured as MCLR, weak pullup is always on and wake-up on change for this pin is not set. FIGURE 5-1: Data Bus D WR Port EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT FOR A SINGLE I/O PIN Q Data Latch VDD Q P CK 5.2 TRIS Register W Reg N D TRIS Latch Q VSS Q I/O pin(1) The output driver control register is loaded with the contents of the W register by executing the TRIS f instruction. A '1' from a TRIS register bit puts the corresponding output driver in a hi-impedance mode. A '0' puts the contents of the output data latch on the selected pins, enabling the output buffer. The exceptions are GP3 which is input only and GP2 which may be controlled by the option register, see Section 4.4. Note: A read of the ports reads the pins, not the output data latches. That is, if an output driver on a pin is enabled and driven high, but the external system is holding it low, a read of the port will indicate that the pin is low. TRIS `f' CK Reset RD Port Note 1: I/O pins have protection diodes to VDD and VSS. The TRIS registers are "write-only" and are set (output drivers disabled) upon RESET. TABLE 5-1: SUMMARY OF PORT REGISTERS Value on Power-On Reset --11 1111 Value on MCLR and WDT Reset --11 1111 1111 1111 000q quuu --uu uuuu Value on Wake-up on Pin Change --11 1111 1111 1111 100q quuu --uu uuuu Address N/A N/A 03H 06h Name TRIS OPTION Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 I/O control registers GPWU GPPU T0CS T0SE PSA PS2 PS1 PS0 1111 1111 -- -- PA0 GP5 TO GP4 PD GP3 Z GP2 DC GP1 C GP0 0001 1xxx --xx xxxx STATUS GPWUF GPIO -- Legend: Shaded cells not used by Port Registers, read as `0', -- = unimplemented, read as '0', x = unknown, u = unchanged, q = see tables in Section 7.7 for possible values. (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. Advance Information DS40139A-page 19 PIC12C5XX 5.4 5.4.1 I/O Programming Considerations BI-DIRECTIONAL I/O PORTS EXAMPLE 5-1: READ-MODIFY-WRITE INSTRUCTIONS ON AN I/O PORT Some instructions operate internally as read followed by write operations. The BCF and BSF instructions, for example, read the entire port into the CPU, execute the bit operation and re-write the result. Caution must be used when these instructions are applied to a port where one or more pins are used as input/outputs. For example, a BSF operation on bit5 of GPIO will cause all eight bits of GPIO to be read into the CPU, bit5 to be set and the GPIO value to be written to the output latches. If another bit of GPIO is used as a bidirectional I/O pin (say bit0) and it is defined as an input at this time, the input signal present on the pin itself would be read into the CPU and rewritten to the data latch of this particular pin, overwriting the previous content. As long as the pin stays in the input mode, no problem occurs. However, if bit0 is switched into output mode later on, the content of the data latch may now be unknown. Example 5-1 shows the effect of two sequential readmodify-write instructions (e.g., BCF, BSF, etc.) on an I/O port. A pin actively outputting a high or a low should not be driven from external devices at the same time in order to change the level on this pin ("wired-or", "wiredand"). The resulting high output currents may damage the chip. ;Initial GPIO Settings ; GPIO<5:3> Inputs ; GPIO<2:0> Outputs ;GPIO<6> have external pull-ups and are ;not connected to other circuitry ; ; GPIO latch GPIO pins ; ---------- ---------BCF GPIO, 5 ;--01 -ppp --11 pppp BCF GPIO, 4 ;--10 -ppp --11 pppp MOVLW 007h ; TRIS GPIO ;--10 -ppp --11 pppp ; ;Note that the user may have expected the pin ;values to be --00 pppp. The 2nd BCF caused ;GP4 to be latched as the pin value (High). 5.4.2 SUCCESSIVE OPERATIONS ON I/O PORTS The actual write to an I/O port happens at the end of an instruction cycle, whereas for reading, the data must be valid at the beginning of the instruction cycle (Figure 5-2). Therefore, care must be exercised if a write followed by a read operation is carried out on the same I/O port. The sequence of instructions should allow the pin voltage to stabilize (load dependent) before the next instruction, which causes that file to be read into the CPU, is executed. Otherwise, the previous state of that pin may be read into the CPU rather than the new state. When in doubt, it is better to separate these instructions with a NOP or another instruction not accessing this I/O port. FIGURE 5-2: SUCCESSIVE I/O OPERATION Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 PC Instruction fetched GP5:GP0 Port pin written here Instruction executed MOVWF GPIO (Write to GPIO) Port pin sampled here MOVF GPIO,W (Read GPIO) NOP MOVWF GPIO PC + 1 MOVF GPIO,W PC + 2 NOP PC + 3 NOP This example shows a write to GPIO followed by a read from GPIO. Data setup time = (0.25 TCY - TPD) where: TCY = instruction cycle. TPD = propagation delay Therefore, at higher clock frequencies, a write followed by a read may be problematic. DS40139A-page 20 Advance Information (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC12C5XX 6.0 TIMER0 MODULE AND TMR0 REGISTER Counter mode is selected by setting the T0CS bit (OPTION<5>). In this mode, Timer0 will increment either on every rising or falling edge of pin T0CKI. The T0SE bit (OPTION<4>) determines the source edge. Clearing the T0SE bit selects the rising edge. Restrictions on the external clock input are discussed in detail in Section 6.1. The prescaler may be used by either the Timer0 module or the Watchdog Timer, but not both. The prescaler assignment is controlled in software by the control bit PSA (OPTION<3>). Clearing the PSA bit will assign the prescaler to Timer0. The prescaler is not readable or writable. When the prescaler is assigned to the Timer0 module, prescale values of 1:2, 1:4,..., 1:256 are selectable. Section 6.2 details the operation of the prescaler. A summary of registers associated with the Timer0 module is found in Table 6-1. The Timer0 module has the following features: * 8-bit timer/counter register, TMR0 - Readable and writable * 8-bit software programmable prescaler * Internal or external clock select - Edge select for external clock Figure 6-1 is a simplified block diagram of the Timer0 module. Timer mode is selected by clearing the T0CS bit (OPTION<5>). In timer mode, the Timer0 module will increment every instruction cycle (without prescaler). If TMR0 register is written, the increment is inhibited for the following two cycles (Figure 6-2 and Figure 6-3). The user can work around this by writing an adjusted value to the TMR0 register. FIGURE 6-1: GP2/T0CKI Pin TIMER0 BLOCK DIAGRAM Data bus FOSC/4 0 1 1 Programmable Prescaler(2) 0 PSout Sync with Internal Clocks 8 TMR0 reg T0SE 3 T0CS(1) PS2, PS1, PS0(1) PSA(1) PSout (2 cycle delay) Sync Note 1: Bits T0CS, T0SE, PSA, PS2, PS1 and PS0 are located in the OPTION register. 2: The prescaler is shared with the Watchdog Timer (Figure 6-5). (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. Advance Information DS40139A-page 21 PIC12C5XX FIGURE 6-2: PC (Program Counter) Instruction Fetch TIMER0 TIMING: INTERNAL CLOCK/NO PRESCALE Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 PC-1 PC MOVWF TMR0 PC+1 PC+2 PC+3 PC+4 MOVF TMR0,W PC+5 MOVF TMR0,W PC+6 MOVF TMR0,W MOVF TMR0,W MOVF TMR0,W Timer0 Instruction Executed T0 T0+1 T0+2 NT0 NT0 NT0 NT0+1 NT0+2 Write TMR0 executed Read TMR0 reads NT0 Read TMR0 reads NT0 Read TMR0 reads NT0 Read TMR0 reads NT0 + 1 Read TMR0 reads NT0 + 2 FIGURE 6-3: PC (Program Counter) Instruction Fetch Timer0 T0 TIMER0 TIMING: INTERNAL CLOCK/PRESCALE 1:2 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 PC-1 PC MOVWF TMR0 PC+1 PC+2 PC+3 PC+4 MOVF TMR0,W PC+5 MOVF TMR0,W PC+6 MOVF TMR0,W MOVF TMR0,W MOVF TMR0,W T0+1 NT0 NT0+1 T0 Instruction Execute Write TMR0 executed Read TMR0 reads NT0 Read TMR0 reads NT0 Read TMR0 reads NT0 Read TMR0 reads NT0 Read TMR0 reads NT0 + 1 TABLE 6-1: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH TIMER0 Value on Power-On Reset Value on Value on MCLR and Wake-up on WDT Reset Pin Change Address 01h N/A N/A Name TMR0 Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Timer0 - 8-bit real-time clock/counter PS1 xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu PS0 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 --11 1111 --11 1111 --11 1111 OPTION GPWU GPPU T0CS T0SE PSA PS2 TRIS I/O control registers Legend: Shaded cells not used by Timer0, - = unimplemented, x = unknown, u = unchanged, DS40139A-page 22 Advance Information (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC12C5XX 6.1 Using Timer0 with an External Clock When an external clock input is used for Timer0, it must meet certain requirements. The external clock requirement is due to internal phase clock (TOSC) synchronization. Also, there is a delay in the actual incrementing of Timer0 after synchronization. 6.1.1 EXTERNAL CLOCK SYNCHRONIZATION When a prescaler is used, the external clock input is divided by the asynchronous ripple counter-type prescaler so that the prescaler output is symmetrical. For the external clock to meet the sampling requirement, the ripple counter must be taken into account. Therefore, it is necessary for T0CKI to have a period of at least 4TOSC (and a small RC delay of 40 ns) divided by the prescaler value. The only requirement on T0CKI high and low time is that they do not violate the minimum pulse width requirement of 10 ns. Refer to parameters 40, 41 and 42 in the electrical specification of the desired device. 6.1.2 TIMER0 INCREMENT DELAY When no prescaler is used, the external clock input is the same as the prescaler output. The synchronization of T0CKI with the internal phase clocks is accomplished by sampling the prescaler output on the Q2 and Q4 cycles of the internal phase clocks (Figure 6-4). Therefore, it is necessary for T0CKI to be high for at least 2TOSC (and a small RC delay of 20 ns) and low for at least 2TOSC (and a small RC delay of 20 ns). Refer to the electrical specification of the desired device. Since the prescaler output is synchronized with the internal clocks, there is a small delay from the time the external clock edge occurs to the time the Timer0 module is actually incremented. Figure 6-4 shows the delay from the external clock edge to the timer incrementing. 6.1.3 OPTION REGISTER EFFECT ON GP2 TRIS If the option register is set to read TIMER0 from the pin, the port is forced to an input regardless of the TRIS register setting. FIGURE 6-4: TIMER0 TIMING WITH EXTERNAL CLOCK Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Small pulse misses sampling External Clock Input or Prescaler Output (2) (1) External Clock/Prescaler Output After Sampling Increment Timer0 (Q4) Timer0 T0 T0 + 1 (3) T0 + 2 Note 1: Delay from clock input change to Timer0 increment is 3Tosc to 7Tosc. (Duration of Q = Tosc). Therefore, the error in measuring the interval between two edges on Timer0 input = 4Tosc max. 2: External clock if no prescaler selected, Prescaler output otherwise. 3: The arrows indicate the points in time where sampling occurs. (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. Advance Information DS40139A-page 23 PIC12C5XX 6.2 Prescaler EXAMPLE 6-1: CLRF CLRWDT MOVLW OPTION TMR0 An 8-bit counter is available as a prescaler for the Timer0 module, or as a postscaler for the Watchdog Timer (WDT), respectively (Section 7.6). For simplicity, this counter is being referred to as "prescaler" throughout this data sheet. Note that the prescaler may be used by either the Timer0 module or the WDT, but not both. Thus, a prescaler assignment for the Timer0 module means that there is no prescaler for the WDT, and vice-versa. The PSA and PS2:PS0 bits (OPTION<3:0>) determine prescaler assignment and prescale ratio. When assigned to the Timer0 module, all instructions writing to the TMR0 register (e.g., CLRF 1, MOVWF 1, BSF 1,x, etc.) will clear the prescaler. When assigned to WDT, a CLRWDT instruction will clear the prescaler along with the WDT. The prescaler is neither readable nor writable. On a RESET, the prescaler contains all '0's. 6.2.1 SWITCHING PRESCALER ASSIGNMENT CHANGING PRESCALER (TIMER0WDT) ;Clear TMR0 ;Clears WDT and ;prescaler ;Select new prescale ;value 'xxxx1xxx' To change prescaler from the WDT to the Timer0 module, use the sequence shown in Example 6-2. This sequence must be used even if the WDT is disabled. A CLRWDT instruction should be executed before switching the prescaler. EXAMPLE 6-2: CLRWDT MOVLW CHANGING PRESCALER (WDTTIMER0) ;Clear WDT and ;prescaler ;Select TMR0, new ;prescale value and ;clock source 'xxxx0xxx' OPTION The prescaler assignment is fully under software control (i.e., it can be changed "on the fly" during program execution). To avoid an unintended device RESET, the following instruction sequence (Example 6-1) must be executed when changing the prescaler assignment from Timer0 to the WDT. FIGURE 6-5: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE TIMER0/WDT PRESCALER Data Bus TCY ( = Fosc/4) 0 1 M U X 1 0 T0SE M U X Sync 2 Cycles TMR0 reg 8 GP2/T0CKI Pin T0CS PSA 0 M U X 8-bit Prescaler 8 8 - to - 1MUX PS2:PS0 Watchdog Timer 1 PSA WDT Enable bit 0 MUX 1 PSA WDT Time-Out Note: T0CS, T0SE, PSA, PS2:PS0 are bits in the OPTION register. DS40139A-page 24 Advance Information (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC12C5XX 7.0 SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE CPU The PIC12C5XX has a Watchdog Timer which can be shut off only through configuration bit WDTE. It runs off of its own RC oscillator for added reliability. If using XT or LP selectable oscillator options, there is always an 18 ms delay provided by the Device Reset Timer (DRT), intended to keep the chip in reset until the crystal oscillator is stable. If using INTRC or EXTRC there is an 18 ms delay only on VDD power-up. With this timer on-chip, most applications need no external reset circuitry. The SLEEP mode is designed to offer a very low current power-down mode. The user can wake-up from SLEEP through a change on input pins or through a Watchdog Timer time-out. Several oscillator options are also made available to allow the part to fit the application, including an internal 4 MHz oscillator. The EXTRL RC oscillator option saves system cost while the LP crystal option saves power. A set of configuration bits are used to select various options. What sets a microcontroller apart from other processors are special circuits to deal with the needs of real-time applications. The PIC12C5XX family of microcontrollers has a host of such features intended to maximize system reliability, minimize cost through elimination of external components, provide power saving operating modes and offer code protection. These features are: * Oscillator selection * Reset - Power-On Reset (POR) - Device Reset Timer (DRT) - Wake-up from SLEEP on pin change * Watchdog Timer (WDT) * SLEEP * Code protection * ID locations * In-circuit Serial Programming 7.1 Configuration Bits The PIC12C5XX configuration word consists of 5 bits. Configuration bits can be programmed to select various device configurations. Two bits are for the selection of the oscillator type, one bit is the Watchdog Timer enable bit, and one bit is the MCLR enable bit. One bit is the code protection bit (Figure 7-1). OTP devices have the oscillator configuration programmed at the factory and these parts are tested accordingly (see "Product Identification System" on the inside back cover). FIGURE 7-1: -- bit11 bit 4: -- 10 CONFIGURATION WORD FOR PIC12C508 OR PIC12C509 -- 9 -- 8 -- 7 -- 6 -- 5 MCLRE 4 CP 3 WDTE FOSC1 FOSC0 2 1 bit0 Register: Address(1): CONFIG FFFh bit 11-5: Unimplemented MCLRE: MCLR enable bit. 1 = MCLR enabled 0 = MCLR disabled CP: Code protection bit. 1 = Code protection off 0 = Code protection on WDTE: Watchdog timer enable bit 1 = WDT enabled 0 = WDT disabled FOSC1:FOSC0: Oscillator selection bits 11 = EXTRC - external RC oscillator 10 = INTRC - internal RC oscillator 01 = XT oscillator 00 = LP oscillator bit 3: bit 2: bit 1-0: Note 1: Refer to the PIC12C5XX Programming Specifications to determine how to access the configuration word. This register is not user addressable during device operation. (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. Advance Information DS40139A-page 25 PIC12C5XX 7.2 7.2.1 Oscillator Configurations OSCILLATOR TYPES TABLE 7-1: CAPACITOR SELECTION FOR CERAMIC RESONATORS - PIC12C5XX Cap. Range C1 Cap. Range C2 The PIC12C5XX can be operated in four different oscillator modes. The user can program two configuration bits (FOSC1:FOSC0) to select one of these four modes: * * * * LP: XT: INTRC: EXTRC: Low Power Crystal Crystal/Resonator Internal 4 MHz Oscillator External Resistor/Capacitor Osc Type XT Resonator Freq 455 kHz 68-100 pF 68-100 pF 2.0 MHz 15-33 pF 15-33 pF 4.0 MHz 10-22 pF 10-22 pF These values are for design guidance only. Since each resonator has its own characteristics, the user should consult the resonator manufacturer for appropriate values of external components. 7.2.2 CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR / CERAMIC RESONATORS TABLE 7-2: In XT or LP modes, a crystal or ceramic resonator is connected to the GP5/OSC1/CLKIN and GP4/OSC2 pins to establish oscillation (Figure 7-2). The PIC12C5XX oscillator design requires the use of a parallel cut crystal. Use of a series cut crystal may give a frequency out of the crystal manufacturers specifications. When in XT or LP modes, the device can have an external clock source drive the GP5/ OSC1/CLKIN pin (Figure 7-3). CAPACITOR SELECTION FOR CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR - PIC12C5XX Cap.Range C1 Cap. Range C2 Osc Type LP XT Resonator Freq FIGURE 7-2: CRYSTAL OPERATION (OR CERAMIC RESONATOR) (XT OR LP OSC CONFIGURATION) OSC1 C1(1) PIC12C5XX SLEEP XTAL RS(2) C2(1) OSC2 RF(3) To internal logic 15 pF 15 pF 32 kHz(1) 200-300 pF 15-30 pF 100 kHz 100-200 pF 15-30 pF 200 kHz 15-100 pF 15-30 pF 455 kHz 15-30 pF 15-30 pF 1 MHz 15 pF 15 pF 2 MHz 15 pF 15 pF 4 MHz Note 1: For VDD > 4.5V, C1 = C2 30 pF is recommended. These values are for design guidance only. Rs may be required in HS mode as well as XT mode to avoid overdriving crystals with low drive level specification. Since each crystal has its own characteristics, the user should consult the crystal manufacturer for appropriate values of external components. Note 1: See Capacitor Selection tables for recommended values of C1 and C2. 2: A series resistor (RS) may be required for AT strip cut crystals. 3: RF varies with the crystal chosen (approx. value = 10 M). FIGURE 7-3: EXTERNAL CLOCK INPUT OPERATION (XT OR LP OSC CONFIGURATION) OSC1 PIC12C5XX Clock from ext. system Open OSC2 DS40139A-page 26 Advanced Information (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC12C5XX 7.2.3 EXTERNAL CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR CIRCUIT 7.2.4 EXTERNAL RC OSCILLATOR For timing insensitive applications, the RC device option offers additional cost savings. The RC oscillator frequency is a function of the supply voltage, the resistor (Rext) and capacitor (Cext) values, and the operating temperature. In addition to this, the oscillator frequency will vary from unit to unit due to normal process parameter variation. Furthermore, the difference in lead frame capacitance between package types will also affect the oscillation frequency, especially for low Cext values. The user also needs to take into account variation due to tolerance of external R and C components used. Figure 7-6 shows how the R/C combination is connected to the PIC12C5XX. For Rext values below 2.2 k, the oscillator operation may become unstable, or stop completely. For very high Rext values (e.g., 1 M) the oscillator becomes sensitive to noise, humidity and leakage. Thus, we recommend keeping Rext between 3 k and 100 k. Although the oscillator will operate with no external capacitor (Cext = 0 pF), we recommend using values above 20 pF for noise and stability reasons. With no or small external capacitance, the oscillation frequency can vary dramatically due to changes in external capacitances, such as PCB trace capacitance or package lead frame capacitance. The Electrical Specifications sections show RC frequency variation from part to part due to normal process variation. The variation is larger for larger R (since leakage current variation will affect RC frequency more for large R) and for smaller C (since variation of input capacitance will affect RC frequency more). Also, see the Electrical Specifications sections for variation of oscillator frequency due to VDD for given Rext/Cext values as well as frequency variation due to operating temperature for given R, C, and VDD values. Either a prepackaged oscillator or a simple oscillator circuit with TTL gates can be used as an external crystal oscillator circuit. Prepackaged oscillators provide a wide operating range and better stability. A well-designed crystal oscillator will provide good performance with TTL gates. Two types of crystal oscillator circuits can be used: one with parallel resonance, or one with series resonance. Figure 7-4 shows implementation of a parallel resonant oscillator circuit. The circuit is designed to use the fundamental frequency of the crystal. The 74AS04 inverter performs the 180-degree phase shift that a parallel oscillator requires. The 4.7 k resistor provides the negative feedback for stability. The 10 k potentiometers bias the 74AS04 in the linear region. This circuit could be used for external oscillator designs. FIGURE 7-4: EXTERNAL PARALLEL RESONANT CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR CIRCUIT To Other Devices +5V 10k 4.7k 74AS04 74AS04 PIC12C5XX CLKIN 10k XTAL 10k 20 pF 20 pF Figure 7-5 shows a series resonant oscillator circuit. This circuit is also designed to use the fundamental frequency of the crystal. The inverter performs a 180degree phase shift in a series resonant oscillator circuit. The 330 resistors provide the negative feedback to bias the inverters in their linear region. FIGURE 7-5: EXTERNAL SERIES RESONANT CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR CIRCUIT 330 74AS04 74AS04 To Other Devices PIC12C5XX CLKIN 330 74AS04 0.1 F XTAL (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. Advance Information DS40139A-page 27 PIC12C5XX FIGURE 7-6: VDD Rext OSC1 N Internal clock RC OSCILLATOR MODE 7.3 RESET The device differentiates between various kinds of reset: a) Power on reset (POR) b) MCLR reset during normal operation Cext VSS PIC12C5XX c) MCLR reset during SLEEP d) WDT time-out reset during normal operation e) WDT time-out reset during SLEEP f) Wake-up from SLEEP on pin change 7.2.5 INTERNAL 4 MHZ RC OSCILLATOR Some registers are not reset in any way; they are unknown on POR and unchanged in any other reset. Most other registers are reset to "reset state" on poweron reset (POR), on MCLR or WDT reset during normal operation . They are not affected by a WDT reset during SLEEP or MCLR reset during SLEEP, since these resets are viewed as resumption of normal operation. The exceptions to this are TO, PD, and GPWUF bits. They are set or cleared differently in different reset situations. These bits are used in software to determine the nature of reset. See Table 7-3 for a full description of reset states of all registers. The internal RC oscillator provides a fixed 4 MHz (nominal) system clock. In addition, a calibration instruction is programmed into the top of memory which indicates the calibration value for the internal RC oscillator. This value, OSCCAL, is programmed as a MOVLW XX instruction where XX is the calibration value, and is placed at the reset vector. This will load the W register with the calibration value upon reset and the PC will then roll over to 0x000. The user then has the option of writing the value to the OSCCAL Register (05h) or ignoring it. TABLE 7-3: RESET CONDITIONS FOR REGISTERS Address -- 00h 01h 02h 03h 04h 04h 05h 06h -- -- Power-on Reset qqqq xxxx (1) xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx 1111 1111 0001 1xxx 111x xxxx 110x xxxx 0111 -----xx xxxx 1111 1111 --11 1111 MCLR Reset WDT time-out Wake-up on Pin Change qqqq uuuu (1) uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu 1111 1111 ?00? ?uuu (2) 111u uuuu 11uu uuuu uuuu -----uu uuuu 1111 1111 --11 1111 Register W INDF TMR0 PC STATUS FSR (12C508) FSR (12C509) OSCCAL GPIO OPTION TRIS Note 1: Note 2: Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented bit, read as `0', ? = value depends on condition. Bits <7:4> of W register contain oscillator calibration (OSCCAL) values due to MOVLW XX instruction at top of memory. See Table 7-6 for reset value for specific conditions DS40139A-page 28 Advance Information (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC12C5XX TABLE 7-4: RESET CONDITION FOR SPECIAL REGISTERS STATUS Addr: 03h Power on reset MCLR reset during normal operation MCLR reset during SLEEP WDT reset during SLEEP WDT reset normal operation Wake-up from SLEEP on pin change 0001 1xxx 000u uuuu 0001 0uuuu 0000 0uuu 0000 1uuu 1001 0uuu PCL Addr: 02h 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented bit, read as `0'. 7.3.1 MCLR ENABLE This configuration bit when unprogrammed (left in the `1' state) enables the external MCLR function. When programmed, the MCLR function is tied to the internal VDD, and the pin is assigned to be a GPIO. See Figure 7-7. The Power-On Reset circuit and the Device Reset Timer (Section 7.5) circuit are closely related. On power-up, the reset latch is set and the DRT is reset. The DRT timer begins counting once it detects MCLR to be high. After the time-out period, which is typically 18 ms, it will reset the reset latch and thus end the onchip reset signal. A power-up example where MCLR is tied to VSS is shown in Figure 7-9. VDD is allowed to rise and stabilize before bringing MCLR high. The chip will actually come out of reset TDRT msec after MCLR goes high. In Figure 7-10, the on-chip Power-On Reset feature is being used (MCLR and VDD are tied together). The VDD is stable before the start-up timer times out and there is no problem in getting a proper reset. However, Figure 7-11 depicts a problem situation where VDD rises too slowly. The time between when the DRT senses a high on the GP3/MCLR/VPP pin, and when the GP3/MCLR/VPP pin (and VDD) actually reach their full value, is too long. In this situation, when the startup timer times out, VDD has not reached the VDD (min) value and the chip is, therefore, not guaranteed to function correctly. For such situations, we recommend that external RC circuits be used to achieve longer POR delay times (Figure 7-10). Note: When the device starts normal operation (exits the reset condition), device operating parameters (voltage, frequency, temperature, etc.) must be meet to ensure operation. If these conditions are not met, the device must be held in reset until the operating conditions are met. FIGURE 7-7: MCLR SELECT MCLRE WEAK PULL-UP GP3/MCLR/VPP INTERNAL MCLR 7.4 Power-On Reset (POR) The PIC12C5XX family incorporates on-chip PowerOn Reset (POR) circuitry which provides an internal chip reset for most power-up situations. A Power-on Reset pulse is generated on-chip when VDD rise is detected (in the range of 1.5V - 2.1V). To take advantage of the POR, tie the MCLR pin directly to VDD. An internal weak pull-up resistor is implemented using a transistor. Refer to Table 10-5 for the pull-up resistor ranges. This will eliminate external RC components usually needed to create a Power-on Reset. A maximum rise time for VDD is specified. See Electrical Specifications for details. When the device starts normal operation (exits the reset condition), device operating parameters (voltage, frequency, temperature, ...) must be met to ensure operation. If these conditions are not met, the device must be held in reset until the operating parameters are met. A simplified block diagram of the on-chip Power-On Reset circuit is shown in Figure 7-8. For additional information refer to Application Notes "Power-Up Considerations" - AN522 and "Power-up Trouble Shooting" - AN607. (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. Advance Information DS40139A-page 29 PIC12C5XX FIGURE 7-8: SIMPLIFIED BLOCK DIAGRAM OF ON-CHIP RESET CIRCUIT Power-Up Detect VDD POR (Power-On Reset) Pin Change SLEEP GP3/MCLR/VPP Wake-up on pin change WDT Time-out MCLRE 8-bit Asynch Ripple Counter (Start-Up Timer) RESET On-Chip DRT OSC S Q R Q CHIP RESET DS40139A-page 30 Advance Information (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC12C5XX FIGURE 7-9: TIME-OUT SEQUENCE ON POWER-UP (MCLR PULLED LOW) VDD MCLR INTERNAL POR TDRT DRT TIME-OUT INTERNAL RESET FIGURE 7-10: TIME-OUT SEQUENCE ON POWER-UP (MCLR TIED TO VDD): FAST VDD RISE TIME VDD MCLR INTERNAL POR TDRT DRT TIME-OUT INTERNAL RESET FIGURE 7-11: TIME-OUT SEQUENCE ON POWER-UP (MCLR TIED TO VDD): SLOW VDD RISE TIME V1 VDD MCLR INTERNAL POR TDRT DRT TIME-OUT INTERNAL RESET When VDD rises slowly, the TDRT time-out expires long before VDD has reached its final value. In this example, the chip will reset properly if, and only if, V1 VDD min. (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. Advance Information DS40139A-page 31 PIC12C5XX 7.5 Device Reset Timer (DRT) 7.6 Watchdog Timer (WDT) In the PIC12C5XX, the DRT runs any time the device is powered up. DRT runs from RESET only in XT and LP modes. It is disabled from RESET in INTRC and EXTRC modes. The Device Reset Timer (DRT) provides a fixed 18 ms nominal time-out on reset. The DRT operates on an internal RC oscillator. The processor is kept in RESET as long as the DRT is active. The DRT delay allows VDD to rise above VDD min., and for the oscillator to stabilize. Oscillator circuits based on crystals or ceramic resonators require a certain time after power-up to establish a stable oscillation. The on-chip DRT keeps the device in a RESET condition for approximately 18 ms after the voltage on the GP3/MCLR/VPP pin has reached a logic high (VIHMC) level. Thus, external RC networks connected to the MCLR input are not required in most cases, allowing for savings in costsensitive and/or space restricted applications. The Device Reset time delay will vary from chip to chip due to VDD, temperature, and process variation. See AC parameters for details. The DRT will also be triggered upon a Watchdog Timer time-out (only in XT and LP modes). This is particularly important for applications using the WDT to wake from SLEEP mode automatically. The Watchdog Timer (WDT) is a free running on-chip RC oscillator which does not require any external components. This RC oscillator is separate from the external RC oscillator of the GP5/OSC1/CLKIN pin and the internal 4 MHz oscillator. That means that the WDT will run even if the clock on the GP5/OSC1/ CLKIN and GP4/OSC2 pins have been stopped, for example, by execution of a SLEEP instruction. During normal operation or SLEEP, a WDT reset or wake-up reset generates a device RESET. The TO bit (STATUS<4>) will be cleared upon a Watchdog Timer reset. The WDT can be permanently disabled by programming the configuration bit WDTE as a '0' (Section 7.1). Refer to the PIC12C5XX Programming Specifications to determine how to access the configuration word. DS40139A-page 32 Advanced Information (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC12C5XX 7.6.1 WDT PERIOD 7.6.2 WDT PROGRAMMING CONSIDERATIONS The WDT has a nominal time-out period of 18 ms, (with no prescaler). If a longer time-out period is desired, a prescaler with a division ratio of up to 1:128 can be assigned to the WDT (under software control) by writing to the OPTION register. Thus, time-out a period of a nominal 2.3 seconds can be realized. These periods vary with temperature, VDD and part-topart process variations (see DC specs). Under worst case conditions (VDD = Min., Temperature = Max., max. WDT prescaler), it may take several seconds before a WDT time-out occurs. The CLRWDT instruction clears the WDT and the postscaler, if assigned to the WDT, and prevents it from timing out and generating a device RESET. The SLEEP instruction resets the WDT and the postscaler, if assigned to the WDT. This gives the maximum SLEEP time before a WDT wake-up reset. FIGURE 7-12: WATCHDOG TIMER BLOCK DIAGRAM From Timer0 Clock Source (Figure 6-5) 0 Watchdog Timer 1 M U X Postscaler Postscaler 8 - to - 1 MUX WDT Enable EPROM Bit PSA PS2:PS0 To Timer0 (Figure 6-4) 0 MUX Note: T0CS, T0SE, PSA, PS2:PS0 are bits in the OPTION register. WDT Time-out 1 PSA TABLE 7-5: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH THE WATCHDOG TIMER Value on Power-On Reset 1111 1111 Value on MCLR and WDT Reset 1111 1111 Value on Wake-up on Pin Change 1111 1111 Address N/A Name OPTION Bit 7 GPWU Bit 6 GPPU Bit 5 T0CS Bit 4 T0SE Bit 3 PSA Bit 2 PS2 Bit 1 Bit 0 PS1 PS0 Legend: Shaded boxes = Not used by Watchdog Timer, -- = unimplemented, read as '0', u = unchanged (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. Advance Information DS40139A-page 33 PIC12C5XX 7.7 Time-Out Sequence, Power Down, and Wake-up from SLEEP Status Bits (TO/PD/GPWUF) 7.8 Reset on Brown-Out A brown-out is a condition where device power (VDD) dips below its minimum value, but not to zero, and then recovers. The device should be reset in the event of a brown-out. To reset PIC12C5XX devices when a brown-out occurs, external brown-out protection circuits may be built, as shown in Figure 7-13 and Figure 7-14. The TO, PD, and GPWUF bits in the STATUS register can be tested to determine if a RESET condition has been caused by a power-up condition, a MCLR or Watchdog Timer (WDT) reset, or a MCLR or WDT reset. TABLE 7-6: GPWUF 0 0 0 0 0 1 Legend: TO/PD/GPWUF STATUS AFTER RESET PD 0 1 0 1 u 0 FIGURE 7-13: BROWN-OUT PROTECTION CIRCUIT 1 VDD VDD 33k 10k Q1 MCLR 40k* PIC12C5XX TO 0 0 1 1 u 1 RESET caused by WDT wake-up from SLEEP WDT time-out (not from SLEEP) MCLR wake-up from SLEEP Power-up MCLR not during SLEEP Wake-up from SLEEP on pin change Legend: u = unchanged Note 1: The TO, PD, and GPWUF bits maintain their status (u) until a reset occurs. A low-pulse on the MCLR input does not change the TO, PD, and GPWUF status bits. This circuit will activate reset when VDD goes below Vz + 0.7V (where Vz = Zener voltage). *Refer to Figure 7-7 and Table 10-5 for internal weak pullup on MCLR. These STATUS bits are only affected by events listed in Table 7-7. FIGURE 7-14: BROWN-OUT PROTECTION CIRCUIT 2 VDD VDD R1 Q1 MCLR R2 40k TABLE 7-7: Event Power-up WDT Time-out EVENTS AFFECTING TO/PD STATUS BITS GPWUF 0 0 u u 1 TO 1 0 1 1 1 PD 1 u 0 1 0 Remarks No effect on PD PIC12C5XX SLEEP instruction CLRWDT instruction Wake-up from SLEEP on pin change Legend: u = unchanged A WDT time-out will occur regardless of the status of the TO bit. A SLEEP instruction will be executed, regardless of the status of the PD bit. Table 7-6 reflects the status of TO and PD after the corresponding event. This brown-out circuit is less expensive, although less accurate. Transistor Q1 turns off when VDD is below a certain level such that: VDD * R1 R1 + R2 = 0.7V Table 7-4 lists the reset conditions for the special function registers, while Table 7-3 lists the reset conditions for all the registers. *Refer to Figure 7-7 and Table 10-5 for internal weak pull-up on MCLR. DS40139A-page 34 Advanced Information (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC12C5XX 7.9 Power-Down Mode (SLEEP) 7.10 Program Verification/Code Protection A device may be powered down (SLEEP) and later powered up (Wake-up from SLEEP). 7.9.1 SLEEP If the code protection bit has not been programmed, the on-chip program memory can be read out for verification purposes. The Power-Down mode is entered by executing a SLEEP instruction. If enabled, the Watchdog Timer will be cleared but keeps running, the TO bit (STATUS<4>) is set, the PD bit (STATUS<3>) is cleared and the oscillator driver is turned off. The I/O ports maintain the status they had before the SLEEP instruction was executed (driving high, driving low, or hi-impedance). It should be noted that a RESET generated by a WDT time-out does not drive the GP3/MCLR/VPP pin low. For lowest current consumption while powered down, the T0CKI input should be at VDD or VSS and the GP3/ MCLR/VPP pin must be at a logic high level (VIHMC) if MCLR is enabled. 7.9.2 WAKE-UP FROM SLEEP 7.11 ID Locations Four memory locations are designated as ID locations where the user can store checksum or other codeidentification numbers. These locations are not accessible during normal execution but are readable and writable during program/verify. Use only the lower 4 bits of the ID locations and always program the upper 8 bits as '1's. The device can wake-up from SLEEP through one of the following events: 1. 2. 3. An external reset input on GP3/MCLR/VPP pin. A Watchdog Timer time-out reset (if WDT was enabled). A change on input pin GP0, GP1, or GP3 These events cause a device reset. The TO, PD, and GPWUF bits can be used to determine the cause of device reset.. The TO bit is cleared if a WDT time-out occurred (and caused wake-up). The PD bit, which is set on power-up, is cleared when SLEEP is invoked. The GPWUF bit indicates a change in state while in SLEEP at pins GP0, GP1, or GP3 (since the last time there was a file or bit operation on GP port). Caution: Right before entering SLEEP, read the input pins. When in SLEEP, wake up occurs when the values at the pins change from the state they were in at the last reading. If a wake-up on change occurs and the pins are not read before reentering SLEEP, a wake up will occur immediately even if no pins change while in SLEEP mode. The WDT is cleared when the device wakes from sleep, regardless of the wake-up source. (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. Advance Information DS40139A-page 35 PIC12C5XX 7.12 In-Circuit Serial Programming The PIC12C5XX microcontrollers can be serially programmed while in the end application circuit. This is simply done with two lines for clock and data, and three other lines for power, ground, and the programming voltage. This allows customers to manufacture boards with unprogrammed devices, and then program the microcontroller just before shipping the product. This also allows the most recent firmware or a custom firmware to be programmed. The device is placed into a program/verify mode by holding the GP1 and GP0 pins low while raising the MCLR (VPP) pin from VIL to VIHH (see programming specification). GP1 becomes the programming clock and GP0 becomes the programming data. Both GP1 and GP0 are Schmitt Trigger inputs in this mode. After reset, a 6-bit command is then supplied to the device. Depending on the command, 14-bits of program data are then supplied to or from the device, depending if the command was a load or a read. For complete details of serial programming, please refer to the PIC12C5XX Programming Specifications. A typical in-circuit serial programming connection is shown in Figure 7-15. FIGURE 7-15: TYPICAL IN-CIRCUIT SERIAL PROGRAMMING CONNECTION To Normal Connections PIC12C5XX VDD VSS MCLR/VPP GP1 GP0 VDD To Normal Connections External Connector Signals +5V 0V VPP CLK Data I/O DS40139A-page 36 Advanced Information (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC12C5XX 8.0 INSTRUCTION SET SUMMARY Each PIC12C5XX instruction is a 12-bit word divided into an OPCODE, which specifies the instruction type, and one or more operands which further specify the operation of the instruction. The PIC12C5XX instruction set summary in Table 8-2 groups the instructions into byte-oriented, bit-oriented, and literal and control operations. Table 8-1 shows the opcode field descriptions. For byte-oriented instructions, 'f' represents a file register designator and 'd' represents a destination designator. The file register designator is used to specify which one of the 32 file registers is to be used by the instruction. The destination designator specifies where the result of the operation is to be placed. If 'd' is '0', the result is placed in the W register. If 'd' is '1', the result is placed in the file register specified in the instruction. For bit-oriented instructions, 'b' represents a bit field designator which selects the number of the bit affected by the operation, while 'f' represents the number of the file in which the bit is located. For literal and control operations, 'k' represents an 8 or 9-bit constant or literal value. All instructions are executed within a single instruction cycle, unless a conditional test is true or the program counter is changed as a result of an instruction. In this case, the execution takes two instruction cycles. One instruction cycle consists of four oscillator periods. Thus, for an oscillator frequency of 4 MHz, the normal instruction execution time is 1 s. If a conditional test is true or the program counter is changed as a result of an instruction, the instruction execution time is 2 s. Figure 8-1 shows the three general formats that the instructions can have. All examples in the figure use the following format to represent a hexadecimal number: 0xhhh where 'h' signifies a hexadecimal digit. FIGURE 8-1: GENERAL FORMAT FOR INSTRUCTIONS 6 5 d 4 f (FILE #) 0 Byte-oriented file register operations 11 OPCODE d = 0 for destination W d = 1 for destination f f = 5-bit file register address Bit-oriented file register operations 11 OPCODE 87 54 b (BIT #) f (FILE #) 0 TABLE 8-1: Field f W b k OPCODE FIELD DESCRIPTIONS Description b = 3-bit bit address f = 5-bit file register address Literal and control operations (except GOTO) 11 OPCODE k = 8-bit immediate value Literal and control operations - GOTO instruction 11 OPCODE k = 9-bit immediate value 9 8 k (literal) 0 8 7 k (literal) 0 Register file address (0x00 to 0x7F) Working register (accumulator) Bit address within an 8-bit file register Literal field, constant data or label Don't care location (= 0 or 1) The assembler will generate code with x = 0. It is the recommended form of use for compatibility with all Microchip software tools. Destination select; d = 0 (store result in W) d = 1 (store result in file register 'f') Default is d = 1 Label name Top of Stack Program Counter Watchdog Timer Counter Time-Out bit Power-Down bit Destination, either the W register or the specified register file location Options Contents Assigned to Register bit field In the set of User defined term (font is courier) x d label TOS PC WDT TO PD dest [] () <> italics (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. Advance Information DS40139A-page 37 PIC12C5XX TABLE 8-2: Mnemonic, Operands ADDWF ANDWF CLRF CLRW COMF DECF DECFSZ INCF INCFSZ IORWF MOVF MOVWF NOP RLF RRF SUBWF SWAPF XORWF BCF BSF BTFSC BTFSS ANDLW CALL CLRWDT GOTO IORLW MOVLW OPTION RETLW SLEEP TRIS XORLW f,d f,d f - f, d f, d f, d f, d f, d f, d f, d f - f, d f, d f, d f, d f, d f, b f, b f, b f, b k k k k k k k k - f k INSTRUCTION SET SUMMARY 12-Bit Opcode Description Add W and f AND W with f Clear f Clear W Complement f Decrement f Decrement f, Skip if 0 Increment f Increment f, Skip if 0 Inclusive OR W with f Move f Move W to f No Operation Rotate left f through Carry Rotate right f through Carry Subtract W from f Swap f Exclusive OR W with f Bit Clear f Bit Set f Bit Test f, Skip if Clear Bit Test f, Skip if Set AND literal with W Call subroutine Clear Watchdog Timer Unconditional branch Inclusive OR Literal with W Move Literal to W Load OPTION register Return, place Literal in W Go into standby mode Load TRIS register Exclusive OR Literal to W Cycles MSb 1 1 1 1 1 1 1(2) 1 1(2) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 (2) 1 (2) 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 0001 0001 0000 0000 0010 0000 0010 0010 0011 0001 0010 0000 0000 0011 0011 0000 0011 0001 11df 01df 011f 0100 01df 11df 11df 10df 11df 00df 00df 001f 0000 01df 00df 10df 10df 10df LSb ffff ffff ffff 0000 ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff 0000 ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff Status Affected Notes C,DC,Z Z Z Z Z Z None Z None Z Z None None C C C,DC,Z None Z None None None None Z None TO, PD None Z None None None TO, PD None Z 1,2,4 2,4 4 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,4 1,4 2,4 2,4 1,2,4 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,4 BIT-ORIENTED FILE REGISTER OPERATIONS 0100 0101 0110 0111 bbbf bbbf bbbf bbbf ffff ffff ffff ffff LITERAL AND CONTROL OPERATIONS 1110 1001 0000 101k 1101 1100 0000 1000 0000 0000 1111 kkkk kkkk 0000 kkkk kkkk kkkk 0000 kkkk 0000 0000 kkkk kkkk kkkk 0100 kkkk kkkk kkkk 0010 kkkk 0011 0fff kkkk 1 3 Note 1: The 9th bit of the program counter will be forced to a '0' by any instruction that writes to the PC except forGOTO. (Section 4.5) 2: When an I/O register is modified as a function of itself (e.g. MOVF GPIO, 1), the value used will be that value present on the pins themselves. For example, if the data latch is '1' for a pin configured as input and is driven low by an external device, the data will be written back with a '0'. 3: The instruction TRIS f, where f = 5, 6, or 7 causes the contents of the W register to be written to the tristate latches of GPIO. A '1' forces the pin to a hi-impedance state and disables the output buffers. 4: If this instruction is executed on the TMR0 register (and, where applicable, d = 1), the prescaler will be cleared (if assigned to TMR0). DS40139A-page 38 Advance Information (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC12C5XX ADDWF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Add W and f [ label ] ADDWF 0 f 31 d [0,1] (W) + (f) (dest) C, DC, Z 0001 11df ffff Add the contents of the W register and register 'f'. If 'd' is 0 the result is stored in the W register. If 'd' is '1' the result is stored back in register 'f'. ANDWF f,d Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: AND W with f [ label ] ANDWF 0 f 31 d [0,1] (W) .AND. (f) (dest) Z 0001 01df ffff The contents of the W register are AND'ed with register 'f'. If 'd' is 0 the result is stored in the W register. If 'd' is '1' the result is stored back in register 'f'. f,d Words: Cycles: Example: W = FSR = W = FSR = 1 1 ADDWF 0x17 0xC2 0xD9 0xC2 FSR, 0 Words: Cycles: Example: W= FSR = W = FSR = 1 1 ANDWF 0x17 0xC2 0x17 0x02 FSR, 1 Before Instruction Before Instruction After Instruction After Instruction ANDLW Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: And literal with W [ label ] ANDLW 0 k 255 (W).AND. (k) (W) Z 1110 kkkk kkkk The contents of the W register are AND'ed with the eight-bit literal 'k'. The result is placed in the W register. BCF k Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Words: Cycles: Example: Bit Clear f [ label ] BCF 0 f 31 0b7 0 (f) None 0100 bbbf ffff Bit 'b' in register 'f' is cleared. f,b 1 1 BCF FLAG_REG, 7 Words: Cycles: Example: W W = = 1 1 ANDLW 0xA3 0x03 0x5F Before Instruction FLAG_REG = 0xC7 Before Instruction After Instruction After Instruction FLAG_REG = 0x47 (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. Advance Information DS40139A-page 39 PIC12C5XX BSF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Words: Cycles: Example: 1 1 BSF FLAG_REG, 7 Bit Set f [ label ] BSF 0 f 31 0b7 1 (f) None 0101 bbbf ffff Bit 'b' in register 'f' is set. BTFSS f,b Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Bit Test f, Skip if Set [ label ] BTFSS f,b 0 f 31 0b<7 skip if (f) = 1 None 0111 bbbf ffff If bit 'b' in register 'f' is '1' then the next instruction is skipped. If bit 'b' is '1', then the next instruction fetched during the current instruction execution, is discarded and an NOP is executed instead, making this a 2 cycle instruction. Before Instruction FLAG_REG = 0x0A Words: Cycles: Example: 1 1(2) HERE FALSE TRUE BTFSS GOTO * * * FLAG,1 PROCESS_CODE After Instruction FLAG_REG = 0x8A BTFSC Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Bit Test f, Skip if Clear [ label ] BTFSC f,b 0 f 31 0b7 skip if (f) = 0 None 0110 bbbf ffff If bit 'b' in register 'f' is 0 then the next instruction is skipped. If bit 'b' is 0 then the next instruction fetched during the current instruction execution is discarded, and an NOP is executed instead, making this a 2 cycle instruction. Before Instruction PC = = = = = address (HERE) 0, address (FALSE); 1, address (TRUE) After Instruction If FLAG<1> PC if FLAG<1> PC Words: Cycles: Example: 1 1(2) HERE FALSE TRUE BTFSC GOTO FLAG,1 PROCESS_CODE * * * address (HERE) 0, address (TRUE); 1, address(FALSE) Before Instruction PC = = = = = After Instruction if FLAG<1> PC if FLAG<1> PC DS40139A-page 40 Advanced Information (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC12C5XX CALL Syntax: Operands: Operation: Subroutine Call [ label ] CALL k 0 k 255 (PC) + 1 Top of Stack; k PC<7:0>; (STATUS<6:5>) PC<10:9>; 0 PC<8> None 1001 kkkk kkkk Subroutine call. First, return address (PC+1) is pushed onto the stack. The eight bit immediate address is loaded into PC bits <7:0>. The upper bits PC<10:9> are loaded from STATUS<6:5>, PC<8> is cleared. CALL is a two cycle instruction. CLRW Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Words: Cycles: Example: W W Z = = = Clear W [ label ] CLRW None 00h (W); 1Z Z 0000 0100 0000 The W register is cleared. Zero bit (Z) is set. Status Affected: Encoding: Description: 1 1 CLRW 0x5A 0x00 1 Before Instruction After Instruction Words: Cycles: Example: PC = PC = TOS = 1 2 HERE CALL THERE Before Instruction address (HERE) address (THERE) address (HERE + 1) CLRWDT Syntax: Operands: Operation: Clear Watchdog Timer [ label ] CLRWDT None 00h WDT; 0 WDT prescaler (if assigned); 1 TO; 1 PD TO, PD 0000 0000 0100 The CLRWDT instruction resets the WDT. It also resets the prescaler, if the prescaler is assigned to the WDT and not Timer0. Status bits TO and PD are set. After Instruction CLRF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Words: Cycles: Example: Clear f [ label ] CLRF 0 f 31 00h (f); 1Z Z 0000 011f ffff The contents of register 'f' are cleared and the Z bit is set. f Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Words: Cycles: Example: 1 1 CLRWDT ? 0x00 0 1 1 1 1 CLRF = = = FLAG_REG 0x5A 0x00 1 Before Instruction WDT counter = Before Instruction FLAG_REG After Instruction WDT counter WDT prescale TO PD = = = = After Instruction FLAG_REG Z (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. Advance Information DS40139A-page 41 PIC12C5XX COMF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Complement f [ label ] COMF 0 f 31 d [0,1] (f) (dest) Z 0010 01df ffff The contents of register 'f' are complemented. If 'd' is 0 the result is stored in the W register. If 'd' is 1 the result is stored back in register 'f'. DECFSZ f,d Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Decrement f, Skip if 0 [ label ] DECFSZ f,d 0 f 31 d [0,1] (f) - 1 d; None 0010 11df ffff The contents of register 'f' are decremented. If 'd' is 0 the result is placed in the W register. If 'd' is 1 the result is placed back in register 'f'. If the result is 0, the next instruction, which is already fetched, is discarded and an NOP is executed instead making it a two cycle instruction. skip if result = 0 Words: Cycles: Example: REG1 REG1 W 1 1 COMF = = = 0x13 0x13 0xEC REG1,0 Before Instruction After Instruction Words: Cycles: Example: 1 1(2) DECFSZ GOTO CONTINUE * * * = = = = = HERE CNT, 1 LOOP DECF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Decrement f [ label ] DECF f,d 0 f 31 d [0,1] (f) - 1 (dest) Z 0000 11df ffff Decrement register 'f'. If 'd' is 0 the result is stored in the W register. If 'd' is 1 the result is stored back in register 'f'. Before Instruction PC CNT if CNT PC if CNT PC address (HERE) CNT - 1; 0, address (CONTINUE); 0, address (HERE+1) After Instruction GOTO Syntax: Operands: Operation: Unconditional Branch [ label ] GOTO k 0 k 511 k PC<8:0>; STATUS<6:5> PC<10:9> None 101k kkkk kkkk GOTO is an unconditional branch. The 9-bit immediate value is loaded into PC bits <8:0>. The upper bits of PC are loaded from STATUS<6:5>. GOTO is a two cycle instruction. Words: Cycles: Example: CNT Z CNT Z 1 1 DECF = = = = 0x01 0 0x00 1 CNT, 1 Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Before Instruction After Instruction Words: Cycles: Example: PC = 1 2 GOTO THERE address (THERE) After Instruction DS40139A-page 42 Advanced Information (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC12C5XX INCF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Increment f [ label ] 0 f 31 d [0,1] (f) + 1 (dest) Z 0010 10df ffff The contents of register 'f' are incremented. If 'd' is 0 the result is placed in the W register. If 'd' is 1 the result is placed back in register 'f'. IORLW Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Inclusive OR literal with W [ label ] IORLW k 0 k 255 (W) .OR. (k) (W) Z 1101 kkkk kkkk The contents of the W register are OR'ed with the eight bit literal 'k'. The result is placed in the W register. INCF f,d Words: Cycles: Example: 1 1 IORLW = = = 0x9A 0xBF 0 0x35 Words: Cycles: Example: CNT Z CNT Z 1 1 INCF = = = = CNT, 1 Before Instruction W W Z Before Instruction 0xFF 0 0x00 1 After Instruction After Instruction IORWF Syntax: INCFSZ Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Increment f, Skip if 0 [ label ] 0 f 31 d [0,1] (f) + 1 (dest), skip if result = 0 None 0011 11df ffff The contents of register 'f' are incremented. If 'd' is 0 the result is placed in the W register. If 'd' is 1 the result is placed back in register 'f'. If the result is 0, then the next instruction, which is already fetched, is discarded and an NOP is executed instead making it a two cycle instruction. Inclusive OR W with f [ label ] 0 f 31 d [0,1] (W).OR. (f) (dest) Z 0001 00df ffff Inclusive OR the W register with register 'f'. If 'd' is 0 the result is placed in the W register. If 'd' is 1 the result is placed back in register 'f'. IORWF f,d Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: INCFSZ f,d Words: Cycles: Example: 1 1 IORWF 0x13 0x91 0x13 0x93 0 RESULT, 0 Before Instruction RESULT = W = Words: Cycles: Example: 1 1(2) INCFSZ GOTO CONTINUE * * * = = = = = address (HERE) CNT + 1; 0, address (CONTINUE); 0, address (HERE +1) HERE CNT, LOOP 1 After Instruction RESULT = W = Z = Before Instruction PC CNT if CNT PC if CNT PC After Instruction (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. Advance Information DS40139A-page 43 PIC12C5XX MOVF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Move f [ label ] 0 f 31 d [0,1] (f) (dest) Z 0010 00df ffff The contents of register 'f' is moved to destination 'd'. If 'd' is 0, destination is the W register. If 'd' is 1, the destination is file register 'f'. 'd' is 1 is useful to test a file register since status flag Z is affected. MOVWF MOVF f,d Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Words: Cycles: Example: Move W to f [ label ] 0 f 31 (W) (f) None 0000 001f ffff Move data from the W register to register 'f'. MOVWF f 1 1 MOVWF = = = = TEMP_REG 0xFF 0x4F 0x4F 0x4F Words: Cycles: Example: W = 1 1 MOVF FSR, 0 Before Instruction TEMP_REG W After Instruction TEMP_REG W After Instruction value in FSR register NOP MOVLW Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Move Literal to W [ label ] k (W) None 1100 kkkk kkkk The eight bit literal 'k' is loaded into the W register. The don't cares will assemble as 0s. No Operation [ label ] None No operation None 0000 0000 0000 Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Words: Cycles: Example: NOP MOVLW k 0 k 255 No operation. 1 1 NOP Words: Cycles: Example: W = 1 1 MOVLW 0x5A 0x5A After Instruction DS40139A-page 44 Advanced Information (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC12C5XX OPTION Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Words: Cycles: Example W Load OPTION Register [ label ] None (W) OPTION None 0000 0000 0010 The content of the W register is loaded into the OPTION register. RLF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Rotate Left f through Carry [ label ] RLF 0 f 31 d [0,1] See description below C 0011 01df ffff The contents of register 'f' are rotated one bit to the left through the Carry Flag. If 'd' is 0 the result is placed in the W register. If 'd' is 1 the result is stored back in register 'f'. OPTION f,d 1 1 OPTION Before Instruction = 0x07 0x07 C Words: Cycles: Example: 1 1 RLF = = = = = register 'f' After Instruction OPTION = REG1,0 1110 0110 0 1110 0110 1100 1100 1 RETLW Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Return with Literal in W [ label ] RETLW k 0 k 255 k (W); TOS PC None 1000 kkkk kkkk The W register is loaded with the eight bit literal 'k'. The program counter is loaded from the top of the stack (the return address). This is a two cycle instruction. Before Instruction REG1 C REG1 W C After Instruction RRF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Rotate Right f through Carry [ label ] 0 f 31 d [0,1] See description below C 0011 00df ffff The contents of register 'f' are rotated one bit to the right through the Carry Flag. If 'd' is 0 the result is placed in the W register. If 'd' is 1 the result is placed back in register 'f'. RRF f,d Words: Cycles: Example: 1 2 CALL TABLE ;W contains ;table offset ;value. * ;W now has table * ;value. * ADDWF PC ;W = offset RETLW k1 ;Begin table RETLW k2 ; * * * RETLW kn ; End of table = = 0x07 value of k8 TABLE C Words: Cycles: Example: REG1 C REG1 W C register 'f' 1 1 RRF = = = = = REG1,0 1110 0110 0 1110 0110 0111 0011 0 Before Instruction W W Before Instruction After Instruction After Instruction (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. Advance Information DS40139A-page 45 PIC12C5XX SLEEP Syntax: Operands: Operation: Enter SLEEP Mode [label] None 00h WDT; 0 WDT prescaler; 1 TO; 0 PD TO, PD, GPWUF 0000 0000 0011 Time-out status bit (TO) is set. The power down status bit (PD) is cleared. GPWUF is unaffected. The WDT and its prescaler are cleared. The processor is put into SLEEP mode with the oscillator stopped. See section on SLEEP for more details. SUBWF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Subtract W from f [label] SUBWF f,d 0 f 31 d [0,1] (f) - (W) (dest) C, DC, Z 0000 10df ffff Subtract (2's complement method) the W register from register 'f'. If 'd' is 0 the result is stored in the W register. If 'd' is 1 the result is stored back in register 'f'. SLEEP Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Words: Cycles: Example 1: REG1 W C REG1 W C 1 1 SUBWF = = = = = = 3 2 ? 1 2 1 REG1, 1 Before Instruction Words: Cycles: Example: 1 1 SLEEP After Instruction ; result is positive Example 2: Before Instruction REG1 W C REG1 W C = = = = = = 2 2 ? 0 2 1 After Instruction ; result is zero Example 3: Before Instruction REG1 W C REG1 W C = = = = = = 1 2 ? FF 2 0 After Instruction ; result is negative DS40139A-page 46 Advanced Information (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC12C5XX SWAPF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Swap Nibbles in f [ label ] SWAPF f,d 0 f 31 d [0,1] (f<3:0>) (dest<7:4>); (f<7:4>) (dest<3:0>) None 0011 10df ffff The upper and lower nibbles of register 'f' are exchanged. If 'd' is 0 the result is placed in W register. If 'd' is 1 the result is placed in register 'f'. XORLW Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Exclusive OR literal with W [label] XORLW k 0 k 255 (W) .XOR. k (W) Z 1111 kkkk kkkk The contents of the W register are XOR'ed with the eight bit literal 'k'. The result is placed in the W register. Words: Cycles: Example: 1 1 XORLW = = 0xB5 0x1A Words: Cycles: Example REG1 REG1 W 1 1 SWAPF = = = 0xAF Before Instruction REG1, 0 W W Before Instruction 0xA5 0xA5 0X5A After Instruction After Instruction XORWF Syntax: Operands: TRIS Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Words: Cycles: Example W TRIS Exclusive OR W with f [ label ] XORWF 0 f 31 d [0,1] (W) .XOR. (f) (dest) Z 0001 10df ffff Exclusive OR the contents of the W register with register 'f'. If 'd' is 0 the result is stored in the W register. If 'd' is 1 the result is stored back in register 'f'. f,d Load TRIS Register [ label ] TRIS f=6 (W) TRIS register f None 0000 0000 0fff TRIS register 'f' (f = 6) is loaded with the contents of the W register f Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: 1 1 TRIS = = 0XA5 0XA5 GPIO Words: Cycles: Example REG W REG W 1 1 XORWF = = = = REG,1 Before Instruction After Instruction Note: f = 6 for PIC12C5XX only. Before Instruction 0xAF 0xB5 0x1A 0xB5 After Instruction (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. Advance Information DS40139A-page 47 PIC12C5XX NOTES: DS40139A-page 48 Advanced Information (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC12C5XX 9.0 9.1 DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT Development Tools 9.3 ICEPIC: Low-cost PIC16CXX In-Circuit Emulator The PIC16/17 microcontrollers are supported with a full range of hardware and software development tools: * PICMASTER/PICMASTER CE Real-Time In-Circuit Emulator * ICEPIC Low-Cost PIC16C5X and PIC16CXX In-Circuit Emulator * PRO MATETM II Universal Programmer * PICSTART(R) Plus Entry-Level Prototype Programmer * PICDEM-1 Low-Cost Demonstration Board * PICDEM-2 Low-Cost Demonstration Board * PICDEM-3 Low-Cost Demonstration Board * MPASM Assembler * MPLAB-SIM Software Simulator * MPLAB-C (C Compiler) * Fuzzy logic development system (fuzzyTECH(R)-MP) * The PIC12C508 and PIC12C509 are supported by the systems shown in Table 9-1. ICEPIC is a low-cost in-circuit emulator solution for the Microchip PIC16C5X and PIC16CXX families of 8-bit OTP microcontrollers. ICEPIC is designed to operate on PC-compatible machines ranging from 286-AT(R) through PentiumTM based machines under Windows 3.x environment. ICEPIC features real time, non-intrusive emulation. 9.4 PRO MATE II: Universal Programmer The PRO MATE II Universal Programmer is a full-featured programmer capable of operating in stand-alone mode as well as PC-hosted mode. The PRO MATE II has programmable VDD and VPP supplies which allows it to verify programmed memory at VDD min and VDD max for maximum reliability. It has an LCD display for displaying error messages, keys to enter commands and a modular detachable socket assembly to support various package types. In standalone mode the PRO MATE II can read, verify or program PIC16C5X, PIC16CXX, PIC17CXX and PIC14000 devices. It can also set configuration and code-protect bits in this mode. 9.2 PICMASTER: High Performance Universal In-Circuit Emulator with MPLAB IDE 9.5 PICSTART Plus Entry Level Development System The PICMASTER Universal In-Circuit Emulator is intended to provide the product development engineer with a complete microcontroller design tool set for all microcontrollers in the PIC12C5XX, PIC16C5X, PIC16CXX and PIC17CXX families. PICMASTER is supplied with the MPLABTM Integrated Development Environment (IDE), which allows editing, "make" and download, and source debugging from a single environment. Interchangeable target probes allow the system to be easily reconfigured for emulation of different processors. The universal architecture of the PICMASTER allows expansion to support all new Microchip microcontrollers. The PICMASTER Emulator System has been designed as a real-time emulation system with advanced features that are generally found on more expensive development tools. The PC compatible 386 (and higher) machine platform and Microsoft Windows(R) 3.x environment were chosen to best make these features available to you, the end user. A CE compliant version of PICMASTER is available for European Union (EU) countries. The PICSTART programmer is an easy-to-use, lowcost prototype programmer. It connects to the PC via one of the COM (RS-232) ports. MPLAB Integrated Development Environment software makes using the programmer simple and efficient. PICSTART Plus is not recommended for production programming. PICSTART Plus supports all PIC16/17 devices with up to 40 pins. Larger pin count devices such as the PIC16C923 and PIC16C924 may be supported with an adapter socket. (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. Advance Information DS40139A-page 49 PIC12C5XX 9.6 PICDEM-1 Low-Cost PIC16/17 Demonstration Board include an RS-232 interface, push-button switches, a potentiometer for simulated analog input, a thermistor and separate headers for connection to an external LCD module and a keypad. Also provided on the PICDEM-3 board is an LCD panel, with 4 commons and 12 segments, that is capable of displaying time, temperature and day of the week. The PICDEM-3 provides an additional RS-232 interface and Windows 3.1 software for showing the demultiplexed LCD signals on a PC. A simple serial interface allows the user to construct a hardware demultiplexer for the LCD signals. PICDEM3 will be available in the 3rd quarter of 1996. The PICDEM-1 is a simple board which demonstrates the capabilities of several of Microchip's microcontrollers. The microcontrollers supported are: PIC16C5X (PIC16C54 to PIC16C58A), PIC16C61, PIC16C62X, PIC16C71, PIC16C8X, PIC17C42, PIC17C43 and PIC17C44. All necessary hardware and software is included to run basic demo programs. The users can program the sample microcontrollers provided with the PICDEM-1 board, on a PRO MATE II or PICSTART-16B programmer, and easily test firmware. The user can also connect the PICDEM-1 board to the PICMASTER emulator and download the firmware to the emulator for testing. Additional prototype area is available for the user to build some additional hardware and connect it to the microcontroller socket(s). Some of the features include an RS-232 interface, a potentiometer for simulated analog input, push-button switches and eight LEDs connected to PORTB. 9.9 MPLAB Integrated Development Environment Software The MPLAB IDE Software brings an ease of software development previously unseen in the 8-bit microcontroller market. MPLAB is a windows based application which contains: * A full featured editor * Three operating modes - editor - emulator - simulator * A project manager * Customizable tool bar and key mapping * A status bar with project information * Extensive on-line help MPLAB allows you to: * Edit your source files (either assembly or `C') * One touch assemble (or compile) and download to PIC16/17 tools (automatically updates all project information) * Debug using: - source files - absolute listing file * Transfer data dynamically via DDE (soon to be replaced by OLE) * Run up to four emulators on the same PC The ability to use MPLAB with Microchip's simulator allows a consistent platform and the ability to easily switch from the low cost simulator to the full featured emulator with minimal retraining due to development tools. 9.7 PICDEM-2 Low-Cost PIC16CXX Demonstration Board The PICDEM-2 is a simple demonstration board that supports the PIC16C62, PIC16C64, PIC16C65, PIC16C73 and PIC16C74 microcontrollers. All the necessary hardware and software is included to run the basic demonstration programs. The user can program the sample microcontrollers provided with the PICDEM-2 board, on a PRO MATE II programmer or PICSTART-16C, and easily test firmware. The PICMASTER emulator may also be used with the PICDEM-2 board to test firmware. Additional prototype area has been provided to the user for adding additional hardware and connecting it to the microcontroller socket(s). Some of the features include a RS-232 interface, push-button switches, a potentiometer for simulated analog input, a Serial EEPROM to demonstrate usage of the I2C bus and separate headers for connection to an LCD module and a keypad. 9.8 PICDEM-3 Low-Cost PIC16CXX Demonstration Board The PICDEM-3 is a simple demonstration board that supports the PIC16C923 and PIC16C924 in the PLCC package. It will also support future 44-pin PLCC microcontrollers with a LCD Module. All the necessary hardware and software is included to run the basic demonstration programs. The user can program the sample microcontrollers provided with the PICDEM-3 board, on a PRO MATE II programmer or PICSTART Plus with an adapter socket, and easily test firmware. The PICMASTER emulator may also be used with the PICDEM-3 board to test firmware. Additional prototype area has been provided to the user for adding hardware and connecting it to the microcontroller socket(s). Some of the features 9.10 Assembler (MPASM) The MPASM Universal Macro Assembler is a PChosted symbolic assembler. It supports all microcontroller series including the PIC16C5X, PIC16CXX, and PIC17CXX families. MPASM offers full featured Macro capabilities, conditional assembly, and several source and listing formats. It generates various object code formats to support Microchip's development tools as well as third party programmers. DS40139A-page 50 Advanced Information (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC12C5XX MPASM allows full symbolic debugging from the Microchip Universal Emulator System (PICMASTER). MPASM has the following features to assist in developing software for specific use applications. * Provides translation of Assembler source code to object code for all Microchip microcontrollers. * Macro assembly capability. * Produces all the files (Object, Listing, Symbol, and special) required for symbolic debug with Microchip's emulator systems. * Supports Hex (default), Decimal and Octal source and listing formats. MPASM provides a rich directive language to support programming of the PIC16/17. Directives are helpful in making the development of your assemble source code shorter and more maintainable. Both versions include Microchip's fuzzyLABTM demonstration board for hands-on experience with fuzzy logic systems implementation. 9.14 MP-DriveWayTM - Application Code Generator MP-DriveWay is an easy-to-use Windows-based Application Code Generator. With MP-DriveWay you can visually configure all the peripherals in a PIC16/17 device and, with a click of the mouse, generate all the initialization and many functional code modules in C language. The output is fully compatible with Microchip's MPLAB-C C compiler. The code produced is highly modular and allows easy integration of your own code. MP-DriveWay is intelligent enough to maintain your code through subsequent code generation. 9.15 SEEVAL(R) Evaluation and Programming System 9.11 Software Simulator (MPLAB-SIM) The SEEVAL SEEPROM Designer's Kit supports all Microchip 2-wire and 3-wire Serial EEPROMs. The kit includes everything necessary to read, write, erase or program special features of any Microchip SEEPROM product including Smart SerialsTM and secure serials. The Total EnduranceTM Disk is included to aid in tradeoff analysis and reliability calculations. The total kit can significantly reduce time-to-market and result in an optimized system. The MPLAB-SIM Software Simulator allows code development in a PC host environment. It allows the user to simulate the PIC16/17 series microcontrollers on an instruction level. On any given instruction, the user may examine or modify any of the data areas or provide external stimulus to any of the pins. The input/ output radix can be set by the user and the execution can be performed in; single step, execute until break, or in a trace mode. MPLAB-SIM fully supports symbolic debugging using MPLAB-C and MPASM. The Software Simulator offers the low cost flexibility to develop and debug code outside of the laboratory environment making it an excellent multi-project software development tool. 9.16 TrueGauge(R) Intelligent Battery Management 9.12 C Compiler (MPLAB-C) The MPLAB-C Code Development System is a complete `C' compiler and integrated development environment for Microchip's PIC16/17 family of microcontrollers. The compiler provides powerful integration capabilities and ease of use not found with other compilers. For easier source level debugging, the compiler provides symbol information that is compatible with the MPLAB IDE memory display (PICMASTER emulator software versions 1.13 and later). The TrueGauge development tool supports system development with the MTA11200B TrueGauge Intelligent Battery Management IC. System design verification can be accomplished before hardware prototypes are built. User interface is graphically-oriented and measured data can be saved in a file for exporting to Microsoft Excel. 9.13 Fuzzy Logic Development System (fuzzyTECH-MP) fuzzyTECH-MP fuzzy logic development tool is available in two versions - a low cost introductory version, MP Explorer, for designers to gain a comprehensive working knowledge of fuzzy logic system design; and a full-featured version, fuzzyTECH-MP, edition for implementing more complex systems. (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. Advance Information DS40139A-page 51 Product MPLABTM C Compiler TABLE 9-1: PIC12C508, 509 SW006005 SW006005 SW006005 SW006005 SW006005 SW006005 SW006005 SW006005 SW006005 SW006005 SW006005 SW006005 SW006005 SW006005 SW006005 SW006006 SW006006 SW006006 SW006006 SW006006 SW006006 SW006006 -- SW006006 SW006006 SW006006 SW006006 -- SW006006 -- -- ** MPLABTM Integrated Development Environment SW007002 SW006005 MP-DriveWay Applications Code Generator -- fuzzyTECH(R)-MP Explorer/Edition Fuzzy Logic Dev. Tool -- PIC14000 SW007002 (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. DV005001/ DV005002 DV005001/ DV005002 DV005001/ DV005002 DV005001/ DV005002 DV005001/ DV005002 DV005001/ DV005002 -- DV005001/ DV005002 DV005001/ DV005002 -- DV005001/ DV005002 DV005001/ DV005002 DV005001/ DV005002 DV005001/ DV005002 DV005001/ DV005002 ****PRO MATETM PICSTART(R) Lite PICSTART(R) Plus ICEPIC *** PICMASTER(R)/ Low-Cost Ultra Low-Cost II Universal Low-Cost PICMASTER-CE Universal Dev. Kit Microchip In-Circuit In-Circuit Dev. Kit Programmer Emulator Emulator EM167015/ -- DV007003 -- DV003001 EM167101 EM147001/ -- DV007003 -- DV003001 EM147101 EM167015/ EM167201 DV007003 DV162003 DV003001 EM167101 EM167033/ --DV007003 -- DV003001 EM167113 EM167021/ EM167205 DV007003 DV162003 DV003001 N/A EM167025/ EM167203 DV007003 DV162002 DV003001 EM167103 EM167023/ EM167202 DV007003 DV162003 DV003001 EM167109 EM167025/ EM167204 DV007003 DV162002 DV003001 EM167103 EM167035/ --DV007003 DV162002 DV003001 EM167105 EM167027/ EM167205 DV007003 DV162003 DV003001 EM167105 EM167027/ -- DV007003 DV162003 DV003001 EM167105 EM167025/ -- DV007003 DV162002 DV003001 EM167103 EM167029/ -- DV007003 DV162003 DV003001 EM167107 EM167029/ EM167206 DV007003 DV162003 DV003001 EM167107 EM167029/ -- DV007003 DV162003 DV003001 EM167107 EM167031/ -- DV007003 -- DV003001 EM167111 EM177007/ -- DV007003 -- DV003001 EM177107 ***All PICMASTER and PICMASTER-CE ordering part numbers above include PRO MATE II programmer ****PRO MATE socket modules are ordered separately. See development systems ordering guide for specific ordering part numbers Hopping Code Security Programmer Kit N/A N/A N/A N/A PG306001 Hopping Code Security Eval/Demo Kit N/A N/A DM303001 SEEVAL(R) Designers Kit DV243001 DV114001 N/A PIC16C52, 54, 54A, 55, 56, 57, 58A PIC16C554, 556, 558 SW007002 SW007002 PIC16C61 SW007002 PIC16C62, 62A, 64, 64A PIC16C620, 621, 622 SW007002 SW007002 PIC16C63, 65, 65A, 73, 73A, 74, 74A PIC16C642, 662* SW007002 SW007002 PIC16C71 SW007002 PIC16C710, 711 SW007002 DEVELOPMENT TOOLS FROM MICROCHIP PIC16C72 SW007002 Advance Information PIC16F83 SW007002 PIC16C84 SW007002 PIC16F84 SW007002 PIC16C923, 924* SW007002 PIC17C42, SW007002 SW006005 SW006006 42A, 43, 44 *Contact Microchip Technology for availability date **MPLAB Integrated Development Environment includes MPLAB-SIM Simulator and MPASM Assembler PIC12C5XX DS40139A-page 52 Product All 2 wire and 3 wire Serial EEPROM's MTA11200B HCS200, 300, 301 * TRUEGAUGE(R) Development Kit N/A PIC12C5XX 10.0 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS - PIC12C5XX Absolute Maximum Ratings Ambient Temperature under bias ............................................................................................................. -40C to +85C Storage Temperature.............................................................................................................................. -65C to +150C Voltage on VDD with respect to VSS ................................................................................................................ 0 to +7.5 V Voltage on MCLR with respect to VSS(2) .......................................................................................................... 0 to +14 V Voltage on all other pins with respect to VSS ............................................................................... -0.6 V to (VDD + 0.6 V) Total Power Dissipation(1) ................................................................................................................................... 700 mW Max. Current out of VSS pin.................................................................................................................................. 200 mA Max. Current into VDD pin .................................................................................................................................... 150 mA Max. Current into VDD pin (Vclamp active)........................................................................................................... 100 mA Input Clamp Current, IIK (VI < 0 or VI > VDD).....................................................................................................................20 mA Output Clamp Current, IOK (VO < 0 or VO > VDD).............................................................................................................20 mA Max. Output Current sunk by any I/O pin ............................................................................................................... 25 mA Max. Output Current sourced by any I/O pin.......................................................................................................... 25 mA Max. Output Current sourced by I/O port (PORTA).............................................................................................. 100 mA Max. Output Current sourced by I/O port with VDD clamp active(PORTA)............................................................. 50 mA Max. Output Current sunk by I/O port (PORTA ) .................................................................................................. 100 mA Note 1: Power Dissipation is calculated as follows: PDIS = VDD x {IDD - IOH} + {(VDD-VOH) x IOH} + (VOL x IOL) Note 2: Voltage spikes below Vss at the MCLR pin, inducing currents greater than 80 mA may cause latch-up. Thus, a series resistor of 50 to 100W should be used when applying a low level to the MCLR pin rather than pulling this pin directly to Vss. NOTICE: Stresses above those listed under "Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at those or any other conditions above those indicated in the operation listings of this specification is not implied. Exposure to maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. DS40139A-page 53 Advance Information (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC12C5XX 10.1 DC CHARACTERISTICS: PIC12508/509 (Commercial) PIC12508/509 (Industrial) Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise specified) Operating Temperature 0C TA +70C (commercial) -40C TA +85C (industrial) Sym VDD VDR VPOR SVDD IDD 0.05* -- -- -- -- Power-Down Current (5) WDT Enabled WDT Disabled IPD -- -- -- -- 4 5 0.25 0.3 12 14 4 5 A A A A VDD = 3.0 V, Commercial VDD = 3.0 V, Industrial VDD = 3.0 V, Commercial VDD = 3.0 V, Industrial 1.8 1.8 15 19 2.4 2.4 27 35 Min 2.5 1.5* VSS Typ(1) Max 5.5 Units V V V V/ms mA mA A A Conditions FOSC = DC to 4 MHz Device in SLEEP mode See section on Power-on Reset for details See section on Power-on Reset for details XT and EXTRC options (Note 4) FOSC = 4 MHz, VDD = 5.5 V INTRC Option FOSC = 4 MHz, VDD = 5.5 V LP OPTION, Commercial Temperature FOSC = 32 kHz, VDD = 3.0 V, WDT disabled LP OPTION, Industrial Temperature FOSC = 32 kHz, VDD = 3.0 V, WDT disabled DC Characteristics Power Supply Pins Characteristic Supply Voltage RAM Data Retention Voltage(2) VDD Start Voltage to ensure Power-on Reset VDD Rise Rate to ensure Power-on Reset Supply Current(3) * These parameters are characterized but not tested. Note 1: Data in the Typical ("Typ") column is based on characterization results at 25C. This data is for design guidance only and is not tested. 2: This is the limit to which VDD can be lowered in SLEEP mode without losing RAM data. 3: The supply current is mainly a function of the operating voltage and frequency. Other factors such as bus loading, oscillator type, bus rate, internal code execution pattern, and temperature also have an impact on the current consumption. a) The test conditions for all IDD measurements in active operation mode are: OSC1 = external square wave, from rail-to-rail; all I/O pins tristated, pulled to Vss, T0CKI = VDD, MCLR = VDD; WDT enabled/disabled as specified. b) For standby current measurements, the conditions are the same, except that the device is in SLEEP mode. 4: Does not include current through Rext. The current through the resistor can be estimated by the formula: IR = VDD/2Rext (mA) with Rext in kOhm. 5: The power down current in SLEEP mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power down current is measured with the part in SLEEP mode, with all I/O pins in hi-impedance state and tied to VDD or VSS. DS40139A-page 54 Advance Information (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC12C5XX 10.2 DC CHARACTERISTICS: PIC12508/509 (Commercial) PIC12508/509 (Industrial) Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise specified) Operating Temperature 0C TA +70C (commercial) -40C TA +85C (industrial) Operating Voltage VDD range is described in Section 10.1. Sym VIL VSS VSS VSS VSS VIH 2.0 0.2VDD+1V 0.85 VDD 0.85 VDD 0.7 VDD -1 20 -3 0.5 130 0.5 0.5 0.2 VDD 0.15 VDD 0.15 VDD 0.3 VDD VDD VDD VDD VDD VDD +1 250 +5 +3 V V V V V V V V V A A A A Pin at hi-impedance EXTRC option only(4) XT and LP options 4.0 V< VDD 5.5 V(5) Full VDD range(5) EXTRC option only(4) XT and LP options For VDD 5.5 V VSS VPIN VDD, Pin at hi-impedance VPIN = VSS + 0.25 V(2) VPIN = VDD VSS VPIN VDD, XT and LP options IOL = 8.7 mA, VDD = 4.5 V IOH = -5.4 mA, VDD = 4.5 V Min Typ(1) Max Units Conditions DC Characteristics All Pins Except Power Supply Pins Characteristic Input Low Voltage I/O ports MCLR OSC1 OSC1 Input High Voltage I/O ports MCLR (Schmitt Trigger) OSC1 (Schmitt Trigger) Input Leakage Current(2,3) I/O ports MCLR OSC1 Output Low Voltage I/O ports Output High Voltage I/O ports (3,4) IIL Vol VOH VDD -0.7 0.6 V V * These parameters are characterized but not tested. Note 1: Data in the Typical ("Typ") column is based on characterization results at 25C. This data is for design guidance only and is not tested. 2: The leakage current on the MCLR/VPP pin is strongly dependent on the applied voltage level. The specified levels represent normal operating conditions. Higher leakage current may be measured at different input voltage. 3: Negative current is defined as coming out of the pin. 4: For PIC12C5XX devices, the OSC1/CLKIN pin is a Schmitt Trigger input. It is not recommended that the PIC12C5XX be driven with external clock in RC mode. 5: The user may use the better of the two specifications. (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. Advance Information DS40139A-page 55 PIC12C5XX 10.3 Timing Parameter Symbology and Load Conditions The timing parameter symbols have been created following one of the following formats: 1. TppS2ppS 2. TppS T F pp 2 ck cy drt io S F H I L Fall High Invalid (Hi-impedance) Low P R V Z Period Rise Valid Hi-impedance to CLKOUT cycle time device reset timer I/O port mc osc os t0 wdt MCLR oscillator OSC1 T0CKI watchdog timer Frequency T Time Lowercase subscripts (pp) and their meanings: Uppercase letters and their meanings: FIGURE 10-1: LOAD CONDITIONS - PIC12C5XX Pin CL VSS CL = 50 pF for all pins except OSC2 15 pF for OSC2 in XT, HS or LP modes when external clock is used to drive OSC1 DS40139A-page 56 Advance Information (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC12C5XX 10.4 Timing Diagrams and Specifications FIGURE 10-2: EXTERNAL CLOCK TIMING - PIC12C5XX Q4 OSC1 1 2 3 3 4 4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 TABLE 10-1: EXTERNAL CLOCK TIMING REQUIREMENTS - PIC12C5XX Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise specified) Operating Temperature 0C TA +70C (commercial), -40C TA +85C (industrial), Operating Voltage VDD range is described in Section 10.1 Characteristic External CLKIN Frequency(2) AC Characteristics Parameter No. Sym FOSC Min DC DC DC Typ(1) -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 4/FOSC -- -- -- -- Max 4 4 200 4 4 200 -- -- -- -- 10,000 -- -- -- -- 25* 50* Units Conditions MHz EXTRC osc mode MHz XT osc mode kHz LP osc mode MHz EXTRC osc mode MHz XT osc mode kHz ns ns ms ns ns ms -- ns ms ns ns XT oscillator LP oscillator XT oscillator LP oscillator LP osc mode EXTRC osc mode XT osc mode LP osc mode EXTRC osc mode XT osc mode LP osc mode Oscillator Frequency (2) DC 0.1 DC 1 TOSC External CLKIN Period (2) 250 250 5 Oscillator Period(2) 250 250 5 2 3 4 Tcy Instruction Cycle Time(3) -- 50* 2* -- -- TosL, TosH Clock in (OSC1) Low or High Time TosR, TosF Clock in (OSC1) Rise or Fall Time * These parameters are characterized but not tested. Note 1: Data in the Typical ("Typ") column is at 5V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested. 2: All specified values are based on characterization data for that particular oscillator type under standard operating conditions with the device executing code. Exceeding these specified limits may result in an unstable oscillator operation and/or higher than expected current consumption. When an external clock input is used, the "max" cycle time limit is "DC" (no clock) for all devices. 3: Instruction cycle period (TCY) equals four times the input oscillator time base period. (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. Advance Information DS40139A-page 57 PIC12C5XX FIGURE 10-3: I/O TIMING - PIC12C5XX Q4 OSC1 Q1 Q2 Q3 I/O Pin (input) 17 19 18 New Value 20, 21 I/O Pin (output) Old Value Note: All tests must be done with specified capacitive loads (see data sheet) 50 pF on I/O pins and CLKOUT. TABLE 10-2: TIMING REQUIREMENTS - PIC12C5XX Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise specified) Operating Temperature 0C TA +70C (commercial) -40C TA +85C (industrial) Operating Voltage VDD range is described in Section 10.1 Characteristic OSC1 (Q1 cycle) to Port out valid(3) OSC1 (Q2 cycle) to Port input invalid (I/O in hold time) Port input valid to OSC1 (I/O in setup time) Port output rise time(3) Port output fall time(3) Min -- TBD TBD -- -- Typ(1) -- -- -- 10 10 Max 100* -- -- 25** 25** Units ns ns ns ns ns AC Characteristics Parameter No. 17 18 19 20 21 Sym TosH2ioV TosH2ioI TioV2osH TioR TioF * These parameters are characterized but not tested. ** These parameters are design targets and are not tested. No characterization data available at this time. Note 1: Data in the Typical ("Typ") column is at 5V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested. 2: Measurements are taken in EXTRC mode. 3: See Figure 10-1 for loading conditions. DS40139A-page 58 Advance Information (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC12C5XX FIGURE 10-4: RESET, WATCHDOG TIMER, AND DEVICE RESET TIMER TIMING - PIC12C5XX VDD MCLR 30 Internal POR 32 DRT Timeout (Note 2) Internal RESET Watchdog Timer RESET 31 34 I/O pin (Note 1) 34 32 32 Note 1: I/O pins must be taken out of hi-impedance mode by enabling the output drivers in software. 2: Runs in MCLR or WDT reset only in XT and LP modes. TABLE 10-3: RESET, WATCHDOG TIMER, AND DEVICE RESET TIMER - PIC12C5XX AC Characteristics Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise specified) Operating Temperature 0C TA +70C (commercial) -40C TA +85C (industrial) Operating Voltage VDD range is described in Section 10.1 Parameter No. 30 31 Sym TmcL Twdt TDRT TioZ Characteristic MCLR Pulse Width (low) Watchdog Timer Time-out Period (No Prescaler) Device Reset Timer Period(2) I/O Hi-impedance from MCLR Low Min 2000* 9* 9* -- Typ(1) -- 18* 18* -- Max -- 30* 30* 100* Units ns ms ms ns Conditions VDD = 5 V VDD = 5 V (Commercial) VDD = 5 V (Commercial) 32 34 * These parameters are characterized but not tested. Note 1: Data in the Typical ("Typ") column is at 5V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested 2: DRT runs only on power-up and in normal execution in EXTRC and INTRC modes, and never runs in test modes. (i.e. does not run on wake-up from sleep) (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. Advance Information DS40139A-page 59 PIC12C5XX FIGURE 10-5: TIMER0 CLOCK TIMINGS - PIC12C5XX T0CKI 40 41 42 TABLE 10-4: TIMER0 CLOCK REQUIREMENTS - PIC12C5XX Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise specified) Operating Temperature 0C TA +70C (commercial) -40C TA +85C (industrial) Operating Voltage VDD range is described in Section 10.1. Min 0.5 TCY + 20* 10* 0.5 TCY + 20* 10* 20 or TCY + 40* N AC Characteristics Parameter Sym Characteristic No. 40 Tt0H T0CKI High Pulse Width - No Prescaler - With Prescaler 41 Tt0L T0CKI Low Pulse Width - No Prescaler - With Prescaler 42 Tt0P T0CKI Period Typ(1) Max Units Conditions -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ns ns ns ns ns Whichever is greater. N = Prescale Value (1, 2, 4,..., 256) * These parameters are characterized but not tested. Note 1: Data in the Typical ("Typ") column is at 5V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested. TABLE 10-5: VDD (Volts) 2.5 2.5 2.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 * MCLR PULL-UP RESISTOR RANGES Temperature (C) -40 25 85 -40 25 85 Min 43* 47* 50* 25 30* 32 Typ 66 74 79 36 42 46 Max 100* 111* 119* 48 56* 63 Units k k k k k k These parameters are characterized but not tested. DS40139A-page 60 Advance Information (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC12C5XX FIGURE 10-6: CALIBRATED INTERNAL RC FREQUENCY RANGE VS. TEMPERATURE (VDD = 5.5V) 4.5 Frequency (MHz) 4.0 3.5 -40 25 Temperature (C) 85 Note: Altering calibration value by 1 is approximately a 4ns change. FIGURE 10-7: CALIBRATED INTERNAL RC FREQUENCY RANGE VS. TEMPERATURE (VDD = 2.5V) 4.5 Frequency (MHz) 4.0 TYPICAL 3.5 -40 25 Temperature (C) 85 Note: Altering calibration value by 1 is approximately a 4ns change. (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. Advance Information DS40139A-page 61 PIC12C5XX FIGURE 10-8: CALIBRATED INTERNAL RC FREQUENCY RANGE VS. VDD AT TEMPERATURE = -40C 4.5 Frequency (MHz) 4.0 3.5 2.5 3.5 VDD Note: Altering calibration value by 1 is approximately a 4ns change. 4.5 5.5 FIGURE 10-9: CALIBRATED INTERNAL RC FREQUENCY RANGE VS. VDD AT TEMPERATURE = 25C 4.5 Frequency (MHz) 4.0 3.5 2.5 3.5 VDD Note: Altering calibration value by 1 is approximately a 4ns change. 4.5 5.5 DS40139A-page 62 Advance Information (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC12C5XX FIGURE 10-10: CALIBRATED INTERNAL RC FREQUENCY RANGE VS. VDD AT TEMPERATURE = 85C 4.5 Frequency (MHz) 4.0 3.5 2.5 3.5 VDD Note: Altering calibration value by 1 is approximately a 4ns change. 4.5 5.5 (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. Advance Information DS40139A-page 63 PIC12C5XX NOTES: DS40139A-page 64 Advance Information (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC12C5XX 11.0 11.1 PACKAGING INFORMATION Package Marking Information 8-Lead PDIP (300 mil) Example TO BE DETERMINED 8-Lead SOIC (200 mil) Example TO BE DETERMINED Microchip part number information Customer specific information* Year code (last 2 digits of calendar year) Week code (week of January 1 is week `01') Facility code of the plant at which wafer is manufactured C = Chandler, Arizona, U.S.A., S = Tempe, Arizona, U.S.A. D Mask revision number E Assembly code of the plant or country of origin in which part was assembled Note: In the event the full Microchip part number cannot be marked on one line, it will be carried over to the next line thus limiting the number of available characters for customer specific information. * Standard OTP marking consists of Microchip part number, year code, week code, facility code, mask rev#, and assembly code. For OTP marking beyond this, certain price adders apply. Please check with your Microchip Sales Office. For QTP devices, any special marking adders are included in QTP price. Legend: MM...M XX...X AA BB C (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. Advance Information DS40139A-page 65 PIC12C5XX 11.2 8-Lead Plastic Dual In-line (300 mil) N E1 E Pin No. 1 Indicator Area D S Base Plane Seating Plane B1 B e1 D1 L A1 A2 A S1 eA eB C Package Group: Plastic Dual In-Line (PLA) Millimeters Symbol A A1 A2 B B1 C D D1 E E1 e1 eA eB L N S S1 Min 0 - 0.381 3.048 0.355 1.397 0.203 9.017 7.620 7.620 6.096 2.489 7.620 7.874 3.048 8 0.889 0.254 Max 10 4.064 - 3.810 0.559 1.651 0.381 10.922 7.620 8.255 7.112 2.591 7.620 9.906 3.556 8 - - Notes Min 0 - 0.015 0.120 0.014 0.055 0.008 0.355 0.300 0.300 0.240 0.098 0.300 0.310 0.120 8 0.035 0.010 Inches Max 10 0.160 - 0.150 0.022 0.065 0.015 0.430 0.300 0.325 0.280 0.102 0.300 0.390 0.140 8 - - Notes Typical Reference Typical Reference Typical Reference Typical Reference DS40139A-page 66 Advance Information (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC12C5XX 11.3 8-Lead Plastic Surface Mount (SOIC - Medium, 200 mil Body) e B N Index Area Chamfer h x 45 1 2 3 h x 45 E H C L D Seating Plane CP Base Plane A1 A Package Group: Plastic SOIC (SM) Millimeters Symbol A A1 B C D E e H* h L N CP Min 0 1.778 0.101 0.355 0.190 5.080 5.156 1.270 7.670 0.381 0.508 14 - Max 8 2.00 0.249 0.483 0.249 5.334 5.411 1.270 8.103 0.762 1.016 14 0.102 Notes Min 0 0.070 0.004 0.014 0.007 0.200 0.203 0.050 0.302 0.015 0.020 14 - Inches Max 8 0.079 0.010 0.019 0.010 0.210 0.213 0.050 0.319 0.030 0.040 14 0.004 Notes Reference Reference (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. Advance Information DS40139A-page 67 PIC12C5XX NOTES: DS40139A-page 68 Advance Information (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. TABLE A-1: (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. Clock Hz (M ) wo M o l du e( rd s) Memory ) s Peripherals Features PIC14XXX DEVICES pe r io at n or y ( 4 x1 R SA T) APPENDIX A:PIC16/17 MICROCONTROLLERS g in m m ,U M ) O 2C ra ) em r ts W of /I t M te ls ol og es /P ip s PI yt or er ne cy (V ) Pr m re n v S s P et l a ch ce (b pa ia ue e )( e( ge on han our y gr nes o ul er C eq R or av t(s an om lO Pr Fr D ) C pt S s R Sl od or ut tS /C em na es m e M M A/ res ui -o el n re u lP u M i r ll n O e hu tio tur a rr ag irc P e im ri R ra ta lt di a pt te op g ow m -C ax Se In Pa EP I/O Da Vo Sl (hi Ti Ad Fe M In Br Ca Pa a ck ge s Advance Information TMR0 ADTMR -- -- 14 11 22 2.7-6.0 I2C/ SMD Yes -- PIC14000 20 4K 192 Internal Oscillator, Bandgap Reference, Temperature Sensor, Calibration Factors, Low Voltage Detector, SLEEP, HIBERNATE, Comparators with Programmable References (2) 28-pin DIP, SOIC, SSOP (.300 mil) PIC12C5XX DS40139A-page 69 TABLE A-2: te s) (b y ) cy of Op er at ion P (M ro g Hz (x ram ) 12 M we or mo ds ry ) en y lts or ) (V o qu (s em e M le ng ns tr uc ti on s Fr e ta od u of I Ra r ge s um M M Da ns ge be RO M er Pi ax im lta AM EP M RO R Ti m I/O PIC16C52 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 -- 2K 73 2K -- 73 -- 2K 72 2K -- 72 TMR0 TMR0 TMR0 TMR0 1K -- 25 TMR0 512 -- 24 TMR0 20 12 20 20 12 12 -- 512 25 TMR0 12 512 -- 25 TMR0 12 512 -- 25 TMR0 12 4 384 -- 25 TMR0 12 2.5-6.25 2.5-6.25 2.0-6.25 2.0-6.25 2.5-6.25 2.5-6.25 2.5-6.25 2.5-6.25 2.0-6.25 2.5-6.25 Vo 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 PIC16C54 Advance Information Nu m 18-pin DIP, SOIC 18-pin DIP, SOIC; 20-pin SSOP 18-pin DIP, SOIC; 20-pin SSOP 18-pin DIP, SOIC; 20-pin SSOP 28-pin DIP, SOIC, SSOP 18-pin DIP, SOIC; 20-pin SSOP 28-pin DIP, SOIC, SSOP 28-pin DIP, SOIC, SSOP 18-pin DIP, SOIC; 20-pin SSOP 18-pin DIP, SOIC; 20-pin SSOP PIC16C54A PIC16CR54A PIC16C55 PIC16C56 PIC16C57 PIC16CR57B PIC16C58A PIC16CR58A (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. All PIC16/17 Family devices have Power-On Reset, selectable Watchdog Timer, selectable code protect and high I/O current capability. Pa ck a DS40139A-page 70 Clock Memory Peripherals Features PIC12C5XX PIC16C5X FAMILY OF DEVICES TABLE A-3: (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. Clock n (M ) Hz Memory Peripherals Features tio PIC16CXXX FAMILY OF DEVICES y or em s) M rd ge ra o lta pe am w ) gr 14 Vo fO o ox es e s Pr ( yt cy ) nc ce (b (s en ) re ur le qu ry (s fe u e o e or So Fr od at lR em pt M ns ar um M rM na ru p r r Pi e a RO m xim te te m at a In In I/O D Ti EP M Co an ge o (V lts ) PIC16C554 PIC16C556 PIC16C558 PIC16C620 PIC16C621 PIC16C622 20 2K 128 TMR0 2 20 1K 80 TMR0 2 Yes Yes 20 512 80 TMR0 2 Yes 4 4 4 20 2K 128 TMR0 -- -- 3 20 1K 80 TMR0 -- -- 3 13 13 13 13 13 20 512 80 TMR0 -- -- 3 13 t se Re R es ut -o ag ge ta ck wn l o Pa Vo Br 2.5-6.0 -- 18-pin DIP, SOIC; 20-pin SSOP 2.5-6.0 2.5-6.0 2.5-6.0 2.5-6.0 2.5-6.0 -- -- Yes Yes Yes 18-pin DIP, SOIC; 20-pin SSOP 18-pin DIP, SOIC; 20-pin SSOP 18-pin DIP, SOIC; 20-pin SSOP 18-pin DIP, SOIC; 20-pin SSOP 18-pin DIP, SOIC; 20-pin SSOP Advance Information All PIC16/17 Family devices have Power-on Reset, selectable Watchdog Timer, selectable code protect and high I/O current capability. All PIC16C6XXX Family devices use serial programming with clock pin RB6 and data pin RB7. PIC12C5XX DS40139A-page 71 TABLE A-4: Clock (M H z) Memory s) Peripherals Features DS40139A-page 72 y e( or ) ul g em s) RT od in ti M rd M m SA ra m wo e U m M p , ) ra ra O ) 2C W lts og 14 of og /I /P t es y Vo Pr (x yt t s Pr re or PI ) c ( l s P (b e se ce (S en pa ia e( ur ry m qu ve ng s) er Re ul o e a t( la t So Co Fr R tS od or es em ou lS e/ ui pt ins M M um lP ge nag rM ur lle rc O ru e r P w M im R pt ta lta ck ra ria Ci o m te ax Se Da In In Br Pa Ca EP RO Ti Pa Vo I/O M on PIC12C5XX PIC16C62 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 -- 4K 192 TMR0, TMR1, TMR2 4K -- 192 TMR0, TMR1, TMR2 4K -- 192 TMR0, TMR1, TMR2 -- 2K 128 TMR0, TMR1, TMR2 1 SPI/I2C Yes 2K -- 128 TMR0, TMR1, TMR2 1 SPI/I2C Yes 8 8 11 11 2 SPI/I2C, Yes USART 11 2K -- 128 TMR0, TMR1, TMR2 1 SPI/I2C Yes 8 33 33 33 33 33 33 -- 4K 192 TMR0, TMR1, TMR2 2 SPI/I2C, USART -- 10 22 4K -- 192 TMR0, TMR1, TMR2 2 SPI/I2C, USART -- 10 22 2.5-6.0 2.5-6.0 2.5-6.0 2.5-6.0 2.5-6.0 2.5-6.0 2.5-6.0 2.5-6.0 -- 2K 128 TMR0, TMR1, TMR2 1 SPI/I2C -- 7 22 2.5-6.0 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 2K -- 128 TMR0, TMR1, TMR2 1 SPI/I2C -- 7 22 2.5-6.0 Yes 20 2K -- 128 TMR0, TMR1, TMR2 1 SPI/I2C -- 7 22 2.5-6.0 Yes -- 28-pin SDIP, SOIC, SSOP PIC16C62A(1) Yes 28-pin SDIP, SOIC, SSOP Yes 28-pin SDIP, SOIC, SSOP Yes 28-pin SDIP, SOIC Yes 28-pin SDIP, SOIC -- 40-pin DIP; 44-pin PLCC, MQFP Yes 40-pin DIP; 44-pin PLCC, MQFP, TQFP Yes 40-pin DIP; 44-pin PLCC, MQFP, TQFP -- 40-pin DIP; 44-pin PLCC, MQFP Yes 40-pin DIP; 44-pin PLCC, MQFP, TQFP Yes 40-pin DIP; 44-pin PLCC, MQFP, TQFP PIC16C6X FAMILY OF DEVICES PIC16CR62(1) PIC16C63 PIC16CR63(1) PIC16C64 Advance Information 2 SPI/I2C, Yes USART 2 SPI/I2C, Yes USART PIC16C64A(1) PIC16CR64(1) PIC16C65 PIC16C65A(1) PIC16CR65(1) (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. All PIC16/17 family devices have Power-on Reset, selectable Watchdog Timer, selectable code protect, and high I/O current capability. All PIC16C6X family devices use serial programming with clock pin RB6 and data pin RB7. Note 1: Please contact your local sales office for availability of these devices. TABLE A-5: Clock (M ) Hz Memory rd s) Peripherals ul e( s) Features ne ls (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. g in m m ,U M 2C C ) O ra ) ts t) W em of t ol bi og es I/I /P M s yt or cy 8t (V ) Pr re (SP e n m s P l (b e r( se rc pa s) ra ia ue e( ry ve ng rte m ou ul ( er og eq Re o t a e la S s t Pr Fr R od Co Por tS nv em lS pt ins ou ge M e e/ ui um M rM O lle nCo ur rial ka rru ag irc m P e R i c ra ta lt pt D te ow m -C ax EP Pa Se In A/ Pa I/O Vo Da Ti M In Br Ca p a er n tio y or (x 14 wo M od R SA T) n ha PIC16C710 PIC16C71 PIC16C711 20 20 20 20 20 20 4K 4K 4K 192 TMR0, 2 SPI/I2C, TMR1, TMR2 USART -- 4K 192 TMR0, 2 SPI/I2C, TMR1, TMR2 USART -- 5 5 8 8 2K 128 TMR0, 1 SPI/I2C TMR1, TMR2 -- 5 8 11 11 12 12 1K 68 TMR0 -- -- -- 4 4 13 22 22 22 33 33 PIC16C72 PIC16C73 PIC16C73A(1) PIC16C74 PIC16C74A(1) 20 1K 36 TMR0 -- -- -- 4 4 13 2.5-6.0 2.5-6.0 2.5-6.0 2.5-6.0 2.5-6.0 2.5-6.0 2.5-6.0 20 512 36 TMR0 -- -- -- 4 4 13 2.5-6.0 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 18-pin DIP, SOIC; 20-pin SSOP -- 18-pin DIP, SOIC Yes 18-pin DIP, SOIC; 20-pin SSOP Yes 28-pin SDIP, SOIC, SSOP -- 28-pin SDIP, SOIC Yes 28-pin SDIP, SOIC -- 40-pin DIP; 44-pin PLCC, MQFP Yes 40-pin DIP; 44-pin PLCC, MQFP, TQFP PIC16C7X FAMILY OF DEVICES Advance Information 192 TMR0, 2 SPI/I2C, Yes TMR1, TMR2 USART 192 TMR0, 2 SPI/I2C, Yes TMR1, TMR2 USART PIC12C5XX All PIC16/17 Family devices have Power-on Reset, selectable Watchdog Timer, selectable code protect and high I/O current capability. All PIC16C7X Family devices use serial programming with clock pin RB6 and data pin RB7. Note 1: Please contact your local sales office for availability of these devices. DS40139A-page 73 TABLE A-6: h as Fl DS40139A-page 74 Clock n (M ) Hz PIC12C5XX Memory em e yt s) Peripherals Features F q re ue n cy o fO pe ra tio or y Pr or y (b M RO M r og em am M PIC16C8X FAMILY OF DEVICES M a xim um EE O PR Da ta M Da Ti TMR0 TMR0 TMR0 TMR0 TMR0 4 4 4 4 4 ta m EE er M O PR o M l du y (b e( s) te s) es rc ge ou an S s R pt ins ge ge ka rru P ta l c te In Pa Vo I/O o (V lts ) PIC16C84 PIC16F84(1) 10 10 10 10 -- -- 512 36 64 512 -- -- 36 64 -- -- 1K 68 64 1K -- -- 68 64 PIC16CR84(1) PIC16F83(1) PIC16CR83(1) 10 -- 1K -- 36 64 13 13 13 13 13 2.0-6.0 18-pin DIP, SOIC 2.0-6.0 18-pin DIP, SOIC 2.0-6.0 18-pin DIP, SOIC 2.0-6.0 18-pin DIP, SOIC 2.0-6.0 18-pin DIP, SOIC Advance Information All PIC16/17 family devices have Power-on Reset, selectable Watchdog Timer, selectable code protect, and high I/O current capability. All PIC16C8X family devices use serial programming with clock pin RB6 and data pin RB7. Note 1: Please contact your local sales office for availability of these devices. (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. TABLE A-7: (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. Clock n ) Hz (M Memory o M M od ul e Peripherals ) (s Features ne ls ry PIC16C9XX FAMILY OF DEVICES am gr ro ) et lP c ( (s e r pa s) ( ge y es ur le ria te qu ve e or an re er om rt( la ul du So s tR Se s F R o C t nv in od em lS pt ins ou ge Po e/ ui M um M M ge rM lle ru nCo tP O rc ur rial ka r i P e im c D ra ta R lta pt D te pu ow m -C ax Pa Se In A/ LC Pa I/O In Da Vo Ti EP M In Br Ca y nc of O p er io at Pr og r am M es ) / re PW em t by I SP /I 2 C ,U R SA T) t) C n ha r Po t (8 bi es o (V lts ) m g in PIC16C923 8 4K 176 TMR0, 1 SPI/I2C TMR1, TMR2 -- 5 4 Com 32 Seg 9 8 4K 176 TMR0, 1 SPI/I2C TMR1, TMR2 -- -- 4 Com 32 Seg 8 25 25 27 27 3.0-6.0 3.0-6.0 Yes Yes -- -- 64-pin SDIP(1), TQFP, 68-pin PLCC, DIE Advance Information PIC16C924 Note 64-pin SDIP(1), TQFP, 68-pin PLCC, DIE All PIC16/17 Family devices have Power-on Reset, selectable Watchdog Timer, selectable code protect and high I/O current capability. All PIC16CXX Family devices use serial programming with clock pin RB6 and data pin RB7. 1: Please contact your local Microchip representative for availability of this package. PIC12C5XX DS40139A-page 75 TABLE A-8: ) ) (M Hz n io y (W or ds at or pe r M em es ) by t O ( T) ) of y ts am s y or SA R ly og r ) pt es ol U en c tip (V (s ru Pr rc u em le )( ul e M eq te r M Fr ta rt( s In So u ng od u o re Ra of I ns tr uc t io ns M um Da al pt lP ns r ru M ge RO im er M dw a r er n Pi AM m ax RO xt te r lta be EP er ia Ha M R E In I/O um Ti S PIC17CXX FAMILY OF DEVICES PIC17C42 25 25 25 25 25 8K 454 -- 4K 454 Yes Yes 4K -- 454 TMR0,TMR1, 2 2 TMR2,TMR3 Yes Yes Yes Yes -- 2K 232 TMR0,TMR1, 2 2 TMR2,TMR3 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 2K -- 232 TMR0,TMR1, 2 2 TMR2,TMR3 Yes Yes Yes 11 11 11 11 11 33 33 33 33 33 25 2K -- 232 Ca p P tu W res M s TMR0,TMR1, 2 2 TMR2,TMR3 Yes -- Yes 11 33 4.5-5.5 2.5-5.5 2.5-5.5 2.5-6.0 2.5-6.0 2.5-6.0 Vo 55 58 58 58 58 58 N 40-pin DIP; 44-pin PLCC, MQFP 40-pin DIP; 44-pin PLCC, MQFP 40-pin DIP; 44-pin PLCC, MQFP 40-pin DIP; 44-pin PLCC, TQFP, MQFP PIC17C42A PIC17CR42 Advance Information TMR0,TMR1, 2 2 TMR2,TMR3 TMR0,TMR1, 2 2 TMR2,TMR3 PIC17C43 PIC17CR43 PIC17C44 40-pin DIP; 44-pin PLCC, TQFP, MQFP 40-pin DIP; 44-pin PLCC, TQFP, MQFP (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. All PIC16/17 Family devices have Power-on Reset, selectable Watchdog Timer, selectable code protect and high I/O current capability. P ac k ag es DS40139A-page 76 Clock Memory Peripherals Features PIC12C5XX PIC12C5XX PIN COMPATIBILITY Devices that have the same package type and VDD, VSS and MCLR pin locations are said to be pin compatible. This allows these different devices to operate in the same socket. Compatible devices may only requires minor software modification to allow proper operation in the application socket (ex., PIC16C56 and PIC16C61 devices). Not all devices in the same package size are pin compatible; for example, the PIC16C62 is compatible with the PIC16C63, but not the PIC16C55. Pin compatibility does not mean that the devices offer the same features. As an example, the PIC16C54 is pin compatible with the PIC16C71, but does not have an A/D converter, weak pull-ups on PORTB, or interrupts. TABLE A-9: PIN COMPATIBLE DEVICES Pin Compatible Devices Package 8-pin 18-pin (20-pin) PIC12C508, PIC12C509 PIC16C54, PIC16C54A, PIC16CR54A, PIC16C56, PIC16C58A, PIC16CR58A, PIC16C61, PIC16C554, PIC16C556, PIC16C558 PIC16C620, PIC16C621, PIC16C622, PIC16C710, PIC16C71, PIC16C711, PIC16C83, PIC16CR83, PIC16C84, PIC16C84A, PIC16CR84 PIC16C55, PIC16C57, PIC16CR57B PIC16C62, PIC16CR62, PIC16C62A, PIC16C63, PIC16C72, PIC16C73, PIC16C73A PIC16C64, PIC16CR64, PIC16C64A, PIC16C65, PIC16C65A, PIC16C74, PIC16C74A PIC17C42, PIC17C43, PIC17C44 28-pin 28-pin 40-pin 40-pin (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. Advance Information DS40139A-page 77 PIC12C5XX NOTES: DS40139A-page 78 Advance Information (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC12C5XX INDEX A ALU ...................................................................................... 7 Applications.......................................................................... 3 Architectural Overview ......................................................... 7 Assembler .......................................................................... 50 RC .............................................................................. 26 XT ............................................................................... 26 P Package Marking Information............................................. 65 Packaging Information........................................................ 65 PC....................................................................................... 16 PICDEM-1 Low-Cost PIC16/17 Demo Board ............... 49, 50 PICDEM-2 Low-Cost PIC16CXX Demo Board............. 49, 50 PICDEM-3 Low-Cost PIC16C9XXX Demo Board .............. 50 PICMASTERTM RT In-Circuit Emulator ............................... 49 PICSTARTTM Low-Cost Development System.................... 49 Pin Compatible Devices ..................................................... 77 POR Device Reset Timer (DRT) ................................... 25, 32 PD............................................................................... 34 Power-On Reset (POR).............................................. 25 TO............................................................................... 34 PORTA ............................................................................... 19 Power-Down Mode ............................................................. 35 Prescaler ............................................................................ 24 PRO MATETM Universal Programmer ................................. 49 Program Counter ................................................................ 16 B Block Diagram On-Chip Reset Circuit ................................................ Timer0........................................................................ TMR0/WDT Prescaler................................................ Watchdog Timer......................................................... Brown-Out Protection Circuit ............................................. 30 21 24 33 34 C C Compiler (MP-C) ............................................................ 51 Carry .................................................................................... 7 Clocking Scheme ............................................................... 10 Code Protection ........................................................... 25, 35 Configuration Bits............................................................... 25 Configuration Word PIC16C54A/CR57A/C58A ......................................... 25 D Development Support ........................................................ 49 Development Tools ............................................................ 49 Device Varieties ................................................................... 5 Digit Carry ............................................................................ 7 Q Q cycles.............................................................................. 10 R RC Oscillator ...................................................................... 27 Read Modify Write .............................................................. 20 Register File Map PIC16C54A/CR54A/CR54B/CR56 ............................. 12 PIC16C58A/CR58A/CR58B ....................................... 12 Registers Special Function ......................................................... 13 Reset .................................................................................. 25 Reset on Brown-Out ........................................................... 34 F Family of Devices PIC14XXX.................................................................. 69 PIC16C5X .................................................................. 70 PIC16C62X ................................................................ 71 PIC16C7X .................................................................. 73 PIC16C8X .................................................................. 74 Features............................................................................... 1 FSR.................................................................................... 17 Fuzzy Logic Dev. System (fuzzyTECH(R)-MP) .............. 49, 51 S SLEEP .......................................................................... 25, 35 Software Simulator (MPSIM) .............................................. 51 Special Features of the CPU .............................................. 25 Special Function Registers................................................. 13 Stack................................................................................... 16 STATUS ............................................................................... 7 STATUS Register ............................................................... 14 I I/O Interfacing .................................................................... 19 I/O Ports............................................................................. 19 I/O Programming Considerations....................................... 20 ID Locations ................................................................. 25, 35 INDF................................................................................... 17 Indirect Data Addressing.................................................... 17 Instruction Cycle ................................................................ 10 Instruction Flow/Pipelining ................................................. 10 Instruction Set Summary.................................................... 38 T Timer0 Switching Prescaler Assignment ................................ 24 Timer0 ........................................................................ 21 Timer0 (TMR0) Module .............................................. 21 TMR0 with External Clock .......................................... 23 Timing Diagrams and Specifications .................................. 57 Timing Parameter Symbology and Load Conditions .......... 56 TRIS Registers ................................................................... 19 L Loading of PC .................................................................... 16 M Memory Organization......................................................... 11 Data Memory ............................................................. 12 Program Memory ....................................................... 11 MPASM Assembler...................................................... 49, 50 MP-C C Compiler ............................................................... 51 MPSIM Software Simulator.......................................... 49, 51 W Wake-up from SLEEP ........................................................ 35 Watchdog Timer (WDT)................................................ 25, 32 Period ......................................................................... 33 Programming Considerations ..................................... 33 O One-Time-Programmable (OTP) Devices............................ 5 OPTION Register............................................................... 15 OSC Selection ................................................................... 25 Oscillator Configurations.................................................... 26 Oscillator Types HS .............................................................................. 26 LP............................................................................... 26 Z Zero bit ................................................................................. 7 (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. Advance Information This document was created with FrameMaker 4 0 4 DS40139A-page 79 PIC12C5XX LIST OF EXAMPLES Example 3-1: Instruction Pipeline Flow ............................ 10 Example 4-1: Indirect Addressing .................................... 17 Example 4-2: How To Clear RAM Using Indirect Addressing................................................. 17 Example 5-1: Read-Modify-Write Instructions on an I/O Port ...................................................... 20 Example 6-1: Changing Prescaler (Timer0WDT .........) 24 Example 6-2: Changing Prescaler (WDTTimer0 .........) 24 Calibrated Internal RC Frequency Range vs. Temperature (VDD = 2.5V)................... 61 Figure 10-8: Calibrated Internal RC Frequency Range vs. VDD at Temperature = -40C ............... 62 Figure 10-9: Calibrated Internal RC Frequency Range vs. VDD at Temperature = 25C................. 62 Figure 10-10: Calibrated Internal RC Frequency Range vs. VDD at Temperature = 85C................ 63 Figure 10-7: LIST OF TABLES Table 1-1: Table 3-1: Table 4-1: Table 5-1: Table 6-1: Table 7-1: Table 7-2: Table 7-3: Table 7-4: Table 7-5: Table 7-6: Table 7-7: Table 8-1: Table 8-2: Table 9-1: Table 10-1: Table 10-2: Table 10-3: Table 10-4: Table 10-5: PIC12C5XX Family of Devices.................... 4 PIC12C5XX Pinout Description................... 9 Special Function Register Summary ......... 13 Summary of Port Registers ....................... 19 Registers Associated With Timer0 ............ 22 Capacitor Selection For Ceramic Resonators - PIC12C5XX ......................... 26 Capacitor Selection For Crystal Oscillator - PIC12C5XX............................. 26 Reset Conditions For Registers ................ 28 Reset Condition For Special Registers ..... 29 Summary of Registers Associated with the Watchdog Timer .................................. 33 TO/PD/GPWUF Status After Reset........... 34 Events Affecting TO/PD Status Bits .......... 34 OPCODE Field Descriptions ..................... 37 Instruction Set Summary ........................... 38 Development Tools From Microchip.......... 52 External Clock Timing Requirements PIC12C5XX ............................................... 57 Timing Requirements - PIC12C5XX.......... 58 Reset, Watchdog Timer, and Device Reset Timer - PIC12C5XX ........................ 59 Timer0 Clock Requirements PIC12C5XX ............................................... 60 MCLR Pull-up Resistor Ranges ................ 60 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3-1: Figure 3-2: Figure 4-1: Figure 4-2: Figure 4-3: Figure 4-4: Figure 4-5: Figure 4-6: Figure 4-7: Figure 5-1: Figure 5-2: Figure 6-1: Figure 6-2: Figure 6-3: Figure 6-4: Figure 6-5: Figure 7-1: Figure 7-2: Figure 7-3: Figure 7-4: Figure 7-5: Figure 7-6: Figure 7-7: Figure 7-8: Figure 7-9: Figure 7-10: Figure 7-11: Figure 7-12: Figure 7-13: Figure 7-14: Figure 7-15: Figure 8-1: Figure 10-1: Figure 10-2: Figure 10-3: Figure 10-4: Figure 10-5: Figure 10-6: PIC12C5XX Block Diagram ......................... 8 Clock/Instruction Cycle .............................. 10 Program Memory Map and Stack for the PIC12C5XX ............................................... 11 PIC12C508 Register File Map ................... 12 PIC12C509 Register File Map ................... 12 STATUS Register (Address:03h)............... 14 OPTION Register....................................... 15 Loading of PC Branch Instructions PIC12C508/C509....................................... 16 Direct/Indirect Addressing.......................... 17 Equivalent Circuit for a Single I/O Pin........ 19 Successive I/O Operation .......................... 20 Timer0 Block Diagram ............................... 21 Timer0 Timing: Internal Clock/ No Prescale ............................................... 22 Timer0 Timing: Internal Clock/ Prescale 1:2............................................... 22 Timer0 Timing With External Clock ........... 23 Block Diagram of the Timer0/ WDT Prescaler .......................................... 24 Configuration Word for PIC12C508 or PIC12C509 ................................................ 25 Crystal Operation (or Ceramic Resonator) (XT or LP OSC Configuration) ................... 26 External Clock Input Operation (XT or LP OSC Configuration) ................... 26 External Parallel Resonant Crystal Oscillator Circuit......................................... 27 External Series Resonant Crystal Oscillator Circuit ......................................... 27 RC Oscillator Mode.................................... 28 MCLR Select.............................................. 29 Simplified Block Diagram of On-Chip Reset Circuit................................ 30 Time-Out Sequence on Power-Up (MCLR Pulled Low).................................... 31 Time-Out Sequence on Power-Up (MCLR Tied to Vdd): Fast Vdd Rise Time . 31 Time-Out Sequence on Power-Up (MCLR Tied to VDD): Slow Vdd Rise Time 31 Watchdog Timer Block Diagram ................ 33 Brown-Out Protection Circuit 1 .................. 34 Brown-Out Protection Circuit 2 .................. 34 Typical In-Circuit Serial Programming Connection................................................. 36 General Format for Instructions ................. 37 Load Conditions - PIC12C5XX .................. 56 External Clock Timing - PIC12C5XX ......... 57 I/O Timing - PIC12C5XX........................... 58 Reset, Watchdog Timer, and Device Reset Timer Timing - PIC12C5XX ............. 59 Timer0 Clock Timings - PIC12C5XX ......... 60 Calibrated Internal RC Frequency Range vs. Temperature (VDD = 5.5V)........ 61 DS40139A-page 80 Advanced Information (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC12C5XX ON-LINE SUPPORT Microchip provides two methods of on-line support. These are the Microchip BBS and the Microchip World Wide Web (WWW) site. Use Microchip's Bulletin Board Service (BBS) to get current information and help about Microchip products. Microchip provides the BBS communication channel for you to use in extending your technical staff with microcontroller and memory experts. To provide you with the most responsive service possible, the Microchip systems team monitors the BBS, posts the latest component data and software tool updates, provides technical help and embedded systems insights, and discusses how Microchip products provide project solutions. The web site, like the BBS, is used by Microchip as a means to make files and information easily available to customers. To view the site, the user must have access to the Internet and a web browser, such as Netscape or Microsoft Explorer. Files are also available for FTP download from our FTP site. The procedure to connect will vary slightly from country to country. Please check with your local CompuServe agent for details if you have a problem. CompuServe service allow multiple users various baud rates depending on the local point of access. The following connect procedure applies in most locations. 1. Set your modem to 8-bit, No parity, and One stop (8N1). This is not the normal CompuServe setting which is 7E1. 2. Dial your local CompuServe access number. 3. Depress the Connecting to the Microchip Internet Web Site The Microchip web site is available by using your favorite Internet browser to attach to: www.microchip.com The file transfer site is available by using an FTP service to connect to: ftp.mchip.com/biz/mchip The web site and file transfer site provide a variety of services. Users may download files for the latest Development Tools, Data Sheets, Application Notes, User's Guides, Articles and Sample Programs. A variety of Microchip specific business information is also available, including listings of Microchip sales offices, distributors and factory representatives. Other data available for consideration is: * Latest Microchip Press Releases * Technical Support Section with Frequently Asked Questions * Design Tips * Device Errata * Job Postings * Microchip Consultant Program Member Listing * Links to other useful web sites related to Microchip Products Systems Information and Upgrade Hot Line The Systems Information and Upgrade Line provides system users a listing of the latest versions of all of Microchip's development systems software products. Plus, this line provides information on how customers can receive any currently available upgrade kits.The Hot Line Numbers are: 1-800-755-2345 for U.S. and most of Canada, and 1-602-786-7302 for the rest of the world. Connecting to the Microchip BBS Connect worldwide to the Microchip BBS using either the Internet or the CompuServe(R) communications network. Internet: You can telnet or ftp to the Microchip BBS at the address: mchipbbs.microchip.com Trademarks: The Microchip name, logo, PIC, PICSTART, PICMASTER, and are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries. FlexROM, MPLAB, PRO MATE, and fuzzyLAB, are trademarks and SQTP is a service mark of Microchip in the U.S.A. CompuServe Communications Network: When using the BBS via the Compuserve Network, in most cases, a local call is your only expense. The Microchip BBS connection does not use CompuServe membership services, therefore you do not need CompuServe membership to join Microchip's BBS. There is no charge for connecting to the Microchip BBS. (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. fuzzyTECH is a registered trademark of Inform Software Corporation. IBM, IBM PC-AT are registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corp. Pentium is a trademark of Intel Corporation. Windows is a trademark and MS-DOS, Microsoft Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. CompuServe is a registered trademark of CompuServe Incorporated. All other trademarks mentioned herein are the property of their respective companies. Advance Information This document was created with FrameMaker 4 0 4 DS40139A-page 81 PIC12C5XX READER RESPONSE It is our intention to provide you with the best documentation possible to ensure successful use of your Microchip product. If you wish to provide your comments on organization, clarity, subject matter, and ways in which our documentation can better serve you, please FAX your comments to the Technical Publications Manager at (602) 786-7578. Please list the following information, and use this outline to provide us with your comments about this Data Sheet. To: RE: Technical Publications Manager Reader Response Total Pages Sent From: Name Company Address City / State / ZIP / Country Telephone: (_______) _________ - _________ Application (optional): Would you like a reply? Device: PIC12C5XX Questions: 1. What are the best features of this document? Y N Literature Number: DS40139A FAX: (______) _________ - _________ 2. How does this document meet your hardware and software development needs? 3. Do you find the organization of this data sheet easy to follow? If not, why? 4. What additions to the data sheet do you think would enhance the structure and subject? 5. What deletions from the data sheet could be made without affecting the overall usefulness? 6. Is there any incorrect or misleading information (what and where)? 7. How would you improve this document? 8. How would you improve our software, systems, and silicon products? DS40139A-page 82 Advance Information (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC12C5XX PIC12C5XX PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM PART NO. -XX X /XX XXX Pattern: Package: Special Requirements SM P = 200 mil SOIC = 300 mil PDIP b) Examples a) PIC12C508-04/P Commercial Temp., PDIP Package, 4 MHz, normal VDD limits PIC12C508-04I/SM Industrial Temp., SOIC package, 4 MHz, normal VDD limits PIC12C509-04I/P Industrial Temp., PDIP package, 4 MHz, normal VDD limits Temperature Range: Frequency Range: Device I 04 = 0C to +70C = -40C to +85C = 4 MHz c) PIC12C508 PIC12C509 PIC12C508T (Tape & reel for SOIC only) PIC12C509T (Tape & reel for SOIC only) Please contact your local sales office for exact ordering procedures. Sales and Support Products supported by a preliminary Data Sheet may possibly have an errata sheet describing minor operational differences and recommended workarounds. To determine if an errata sheet exists for a particular device, please contact one of the following: 1. Your local Microchip sales office (see below) 2. The Microchip Corporate Literature Center U.S. FAX: (602) 786-7277 3. The Microchip's Bulletin Board, via your local CompuServe number (CompuServe membership NOT required). Please specify which device, revision of silicon and Data Sheet (include Literature #) you are using. For latest version information and upgrade kits for Microchip Development Tools, please call 1-800-755-2345 or 1-602-786-7302. (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. Advance Information DS40139A-page 83 WORLDWIDE SALES & SERVICE AMERICAS Corporate Office Microchip Technology Inc. 2355 West Chandler Blvd. Chandler, AZ 85224-6199 Tel: 602 786-7200 Fax: 602 786-7277 Technical Support: 602 786-7627 Web: http://www.microchip.com/ Atlanta Microchip Technology Inc. 500 Sugar Mill Road, Suite 200B Atlanta, GA 30350 Tel: 770 640-0034 Fax: 770 640-0307 Boston Microchip Technology Inc. 5 Mount Royal Avenue Marlborough, MA 01752 Tel: 508 480-9990 Fax: 508 480-8575 Chicago Microchip Technology Inc. 333 Pierce Road, Suite 180 Itasca, IL 60143 Tel: 708 285-0071 Fax: 708 285-0075 Dallas Microchip Technology Inc. 14651 Dallas Parkway, Suite 816 Dallas, TX 75240-8809 Tel: 214 991-7177 Fax: 214 991-8588 Dayton Microchip Technology Inc. Suite 150 Two Prestige Place Miamisburg, OH 45342 Tel: 513 291-1654 Fax: 513 291-9175 Los Angeles Microchip Technology Inc. 18201 Von Karman, Suite 1090 Irvine, CA 92715 Tel: 714 263-1888 Fax: 714 263-1338 AMERICAS (continued) New York Microchip Technology Inc. 150 Motor Parkway, Suite 416 Hauppauge, NY 11788 Tel: 516 273-5305 Fax: 516 273-5335 San Jose Microchip Technology Inc. 2107 North First Street, Suite 590 San Jose, CA 95131 Tel: 408 436-7950 Fax: 408 436-7955 Toronto Microchip Technology Inc. 5925 Airport Road, Suite 200 Mississauga, Ontario L4V 1W1, Canada Tel: 905 405-6279 Fax: 905 405-6253 EUROPE United Kingdom Arizona Microchip Technology Ltd. Unit 6, The Courtyard Meadow Bank, Furlong Road Bourne End, Buckinghamshire SL8 5AJ Tel: 44 1 628 850303 Fax: 44 1 628 850178 France Arizona Microchip Technology SARL Zone Industrielle de la Bonde 2 Rue du Buisson aux Fraises 91300 Massy - France Tel: 33 1 69 53 63 20 Fax: 33 1 69 30 90 79 Germany Arizona Microchip Technology GmbH Gustav-Heinemann-Ring 125 D-81739 Muenchen, Germany Tel: 49 89 627 144 0 Fax: 49 89 627 144 44 Italy Arizona Microchip Technology SRL Centro Direzionale Colleoni Palazzo Taurus 1 V. Le Colleoni 1 20041, Agrate Brianza, Milan Italy Tel: 39 39 689 9939 Fax: 39 39 689 9883 ASIA/PACIFIC Hong Kong Microchip Technology Rm 3801B, Tower Two Metroplaza, 223 Hing Fong Road, Kwai Fong, N.T., Hong Kong Tel: 852 2 401 1200 Fax: 852 2 401 3431 Korea Microchip Technology 168-1, Youngbo Bldg. 3 Floor Samsung-Dong, Kangnam-Ku, Seoul, Korea Tel: 82 2 554 7200 Fax: 82 2 558 5934 Singapore Microchip Technology 200 Middle Road #10-03 Prime Centre Singapore 188980 Tel: 65 334 8870 Fax: 65 334 8850 Taiwan Microchip Technology 10F-1C 207 Tung Hua North Road Taipei, Taiwan, ROC Tel: 886 2 717 7175 Fax: 886 2 545 0139 JAPAN Microchip Technology Intl. Inc. Benex S-1 6F 3-18-20, Shin Yokohama Kohoku-Ku, Yokohama Kanagawa 222 Japan Tel: 81 45 471 6166 Fax: 81 45 471 6122 5/10/96 All rights reserved. (c) 1996, Microchip Technology Incorporated, USA. Information contained in this publication regarding device applications and the like is intended through suggestion only and may be superseded by updates. No representation or warranty is given and no liability is assumed by Microchip Technology Incorporated with respect to the accuracy or use of such information, or infringement of patents or other intellectual property rights arising from such use or otherwise. Use of Microchip's products as critical components in life support systems is not authorized except with express written approval by Microchip. No licenses are conveyed, implicitly or otherwise, under any intellectual property rights. The Microchip logo and name are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Inc. All rights reserved. All other trademarks mentioned herein are the property of their respective companies. DS40139A - page 84 (c) 1996 Microchip Technology Inc. |
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